Sign Up For Email Updates:

AICR Blog loading...
More from the blog »
WCRF/AICR
Global Network

AICR Grants

AICR has funded critical cancer research programs for over 30 years. Use the Search box to find specific grants. You can enter any of the following to help narrow your search:

  • Researcher name
  • Institution name
  • Cancer site (e.g., colorectal or colon, kidney, breast, etc…)
  • Food — many of the grants relate to food components and their ability to fight or prevent cancer
  • Keywords — other phrases or keywords
Loading, please wait...
Title Description Location City State Country Researcher Cancer
Site		 Keywords Related Foods
Zinc-Cadmium Interactions in Carcinogenesis (1989) Dr. Schrager studied the levels of zinc in the diet that may be able to block the development of cancer caused by the toxic metal cadmium. Massachusetts Massachusetts Thomas F Schrager, PhD Esophagus zinc, cadmium
Zinc, Metallothionein and Carcinogenesis (1995) Dr. Lazo studied the biochemical pathway of the inhibitory effect of zinc, an essential micronutrient, in carcinogenesis. Since the metallothionein protein acts as a carrier for metal ions, the presence and inducibility of this protein in various cells and the response to toxicants after exposure to zinc should determined. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania John S Lazo, PhD Multiple Sites zinc, metallothionein protein
Zinc, Its Deficiency and Cancer (1985) Dr. Falchuk studied the role of zinc, zinc deficiency, and the interaction of zinc with other metals during the growth and development of human colon cancer cells. Massachusetts Massachusetts Kenneth H Falchuk, MD Colon/Rectum Zinc
Zinc as an Activator of the Mitogenic Transactivation Factor c-Jun (1993) c-Jun is a necessary protein for normal cell division. When cells go through normal cell division they can produce oncoproteins that promote mutations of the protein possibly leading to cancer. Applying excess zinc to normal cells in culture caused more cells than normal to transform to oncoproteins. Dr. Mercola looked at the effect excess zinc has on the transformation of the protein c-Jun. California California Daniel A Mercola, MD, PhD Other c-Jun, zinc
Zinc and Prolactin Regulation of Prostsate Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism (2000) Dr. Rice tested whether increasing the level of zinc in the culture fluid and adding prolactin will affect the growth and vitality of human prostate cancer cells, and possibly lead to death of the cancer cells. Florida Florida Lori P Rice, PhD Prostate Zinc, prolactin
Whole Food Based Changes in Vitamin A Intake During Adolesence and Subsequent Risk for Mammary Carcinogenesis (2000) Dr. Schedin fed rats diets of natural foods with different levels of vitamin A precursors to study whether the vitamin influences breast tissue development and has a possible response to a mammary carcinogen. Colorado Colorado Pepper Schedin, PhD Breast whole foods
When Does Phytate Inhibit Colon Tumors and Their Precursors, Aberrant Crypts? (1992) Dr. Pretlow studied the inhibition of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis by phytic acid, examining the effects of inhibition of aberrant crypt foci in animals during and after carcinogen administration. Ohio Ohio Theresa P Pretlow, PhD Colon/Rectum azoxymethane, phytic acid, aberrant crypt foci, carcinogens, phytate
Walnut Consumption: Inhibition of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Growth (2009) Dr. Reiter tested whether walnuts are capable of inhibiting either the onset or growth of human prostate tumors. Texas Texas Russel Reiter, PhD Prostate walnuts, vitamin E, melatonin, omega-3
Vitamin-D Regulates Inflammatory MicroRNAs in Prostate Cells (2010) This study is investigating the role of vitamin D in regulating short RNA molecules (called microRNAs) to prevent inflammation, which may help prevent prostate cancer. The laboratory study is using human prostate cells and prostate tissue of patients who have consumed vitamin D as part of a clinical trial. Illinois Illinois Angeline Antonio, PhD Prostate
Vitamin-D Regulates Inflammatory MicroRNAs in Prostate Cells (2010) This study is investigating the role of vitamin D in regulating short RNA molecules (called microRNAs) to prevent inflammation, which may help prevent prostate cancer. The laboratory study is using human prostate cells and prostate tissue of patients who have consumed vitamin D as part of a clinical trial. Illinois Illinois Angeline Antonio, PhD Prostate
Vitamin-D Regulates Inflammatory MicroRNAs in Prostate Cells (2010) This study is investigating the role of vitamin D in regulating short RNA molecules (called microRNAs) to prevent inflammation, which may help prevent prostate cancer. The laboratory study is using human prostate cells and prostate tissue of patients who have consumed vitamin D as part of a clinical trial. Illinois Illinois Angeline Antonio, PhD Prostate
Vitamin-D Regulates Inflammatory MicroRNAs in Prostate Cells (2010) This study is investigating the role of vitamin D in regulating short RNA molecules (called microRNAs) to prevent inflammation, which may help prevent prostate cancer. The laboratory study is using human prostate cells and prostate tissue of patients who have consumed vitamin D as part of a clinical trial. Illinois Illinois United States Angeline 0 Antonio, Ph.D. Prostate 0
Vitamin Intervention in Smokers (1995) Dr. Santella conducted a vitamin intervention study in smokers who took either vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene or a placebo. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts, an intermediate end point for smoking-induced genotoxic damage, was measured in mononuclear cells and correlated to plasma vitamin levels in order to determine the possible protective effects of these antioxidant vitamins. New York New York Regina M Santella, PhD Lung smokers, vitamin C, vitamin E, bet-carotene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Grapefruit, Squash
Vitamin E and Antiestrogen Responsiveness in Breast Cancer (2003) Dr. Clarke�s studied whether the response of breast cancer cells to antiestrogens such as tamoxifen are mediated in part by induction of oxidative stress and whether dietary antioxidants including vitamin E can compromise the efficacy of antiestrogen therapy of women with breast cancer. District of Columbia District of Columbia Robert S Clarke, PhD, DSc Breast antiestrogens, tamoxifen
Vitamin Deficiency-Induced Cachexia in Cancer (1984) Dr. Bernofsky tested his hypothesis that cachexia, the slow wasting away of the body tissues that often accompanies cancer, is caused in part by the tumor destroying certain vitamins needed by the entire body to extract energy from food. Louisiana Louisiana Carl Bernofsky, PhD Other vitamin deficiency
Vitamin D: Biologic Significance in Colon Cancer (1996) Dr. Evans sought to determine the levels of vitamin D receptors in colon cancer tissues and correlate with prognostic features. In addition, the effect of the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and its analogs on the growth of human colon cancer xenografts was followed. District of Columbia District of Columbia Stephen R Evans, MD Colon/Rectum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Vitamin D, Sunlight, and Breast Cancer (2010) Some studies have suggested that the likelihood of developing and dying of breast, colon, and prostate cancer is higher in Northern than in Southern parts of the United States, which is possibly due to the cancer-protective effect of vitamin D. In this animal study, Dr. Epstein is determining the effects of vitamin D produced from sunlight versus vitamin D consumed in the diet on breast cancer, which could translate to protection against other cancers. California California Ervin Epstein, MD Breast cancer prevention, ultraviolet radiation
Vitamin D, Sunlight, and Breast Cancer (2010) Some studies have suggested that the likelihood of developing and dying of breast, colon, and prostate cancer is higher in Northern than in Southern parts of the United States, which is possibly due to the cancer-protective effect of vitamin D. In this animal study, Dr. Epstein is determining the effects of vitamin D produced from sunlight versus vitamin D consumed in the diet on breast cancer, which could translate to protection against other cancers. California California Ervin Epstein, MD Breast cancer prevention, ultraviolet radiation
Vitamin D, Sunlight, and Breast Cancer (2010) Some studies have suggested that the likelihood of developing and dying of breast, colon, and prostate cancer is higher in Northern than in Southern parts of the United States, which is possibly due to the cancer-protective effect of vitamin D. In this animal study, Dr. Epstein is determining the effects of vitamin D produced from sunlight versus vitamin D consumed in the diet on breast cancer, which could translate to protection against other cancers. California California Ervin Epstein, MD Breast cancer prevention, ultraviolet radiation
Vitamin D, Sunlight, and Breast Cancer (2010) Some studies have suggested that the likelihood of developing and dying of breast, colon, and prostate cancer is higher in Northern than in Southern parts of the United States, which is possibly due to the cancer-protective effect of vitamin D. In this animal study, Dr. Epstein is determining the effects of vitamin D produced from sunlight versus vitamin D consumed in the diet on breast cancer, which could translate to protection against other cancers. California California United States Ervin 0 Epstein, M.D. Breast cancer prevention, ultraviolet radiation
Vitamin D, Polymorphisms, and Lung Cancer Prognosis (2005) This study investigated the predictive value of 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Also examined were the relationships between vitamin D and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on survival rates and cancer recurrence. Massachusetts Massachusetts David C Christiani, MD, MPH Lung 25-hydroxyvitamin D, polymorphisms
Vitamin D Treatment of Prostate Cancer: The Role of IGFBP-3 (2000) Dr. Feldman explored the role of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein in the anticancer effect of calcitriol (1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and the intermediates involved in order to develop vitamin D therapy for prostate cancer. California California David Feldman, MD Prostate insulin-like growth factor, calcitriol
Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer (1992) Dr. Feldman studied how a vitamin D deficiency promotes the growth and development of prostate cancer and how vitamin D supplementation might inhibit prostate cancer development and/or progression. Particular attention was on the modification of the vitamin D receptors and the endocrine response. California California David Feldman, MD Prostate Vitamin D
Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer (1994) Dr. Feldman hypothesized, based on his previous work, that vitamin D deficiency status may promote the development and/or progression of prostate cancer. The effects of vitamin D deficiency, supplementation and use of vitamin D in combination with retinoids were studied in mice grafted with human prostate cancer cell lines. California California David Feldman, MD Prostate Retinoids
Vitamin D and Cyclin D1 Pathways in Oral Carcinogenesis (2010) This laboratory study is investigating the role of vitamin D in the development of oral cancer and identifying possible mechanisms for its action. The study will focus on the interaction between the vitamin D pathway and cyclin D1, a gene known to play an important role in oral cancer development. California California Sanjay Mallya, PhD Head and Neck cyclin D1
Vitamin D and Calcium Regulation in Colonic Crypts (1992) Dr. Davies explored if vitamin D might help regulate and maintain normal calcium levels in colon cells and thereby afford possible protection against colon cancer. California California Richard J Davies, MD Colon/Rectum vitamin D, calcium
Vitamin D and Active Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells (1993) Dr. Welsh has shown that vitamin D can stop growth of cells not killed by anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen. She investigated whether combining anti-estrogen and vitamin D might cause more complete and faster tumor regression in breast cancer patients. Canada Canada JoEllen Welsh, PhD Breast anti-estrogen
Vitamin D and Active Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells (1995) Dr. Welsh continued her studies on characterizing the effects of the active form of vitamin D and of antiestrogens on various growth factors and in the induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines and in tumors of mice. New York New York JoEllen Welsh, PhD Breast anti-estrogen
Vitamin D Analogs Enhance the Effectiveness of Fractionated Radiation Therapy in Human Breast Tumor Cells (2000) Dr. Gupta used an analog of vitamin D, namely EB 1089, to determine whether exposure of human breast cancer cells to EB 1089 along with fractionated radiation will bypass resistance to treatment and lead to death of the tumor cells. Virginia Virginia Mona Sethi Gupta, PhD Breast EB1089 anaolg, fractionated radiation
Vitamin B6 and Colorectal Neoplasia: Modification by Time (2009) Dr. Lee examined how the intake of vitamin B6 influences colon cancer at various stages of the cancer process. Massachusetts Massachusetts Jung Eun Lee, ScD Colon/Rectum colorectal adenoma, cohort study
Vitamin B6 and Cancer Cells (1987) Dr. Litwack explored the possibility that vitamin B6 may interfere with the synthesis of compounds which are essential for the development and spread of skin cancer. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Gerald Litwack, PhD Skin synthesis of compounds
Vitamin A Deficiency and Prostate Cancer (2003) This study examined the effects of dietary vitamin A defciency on the onset and progression of prostate cancer in a genetically modifed mouse strain. New York New York Max E Gottesman, MD, PhD Prostate vitamin A deficiency
Utilization of Short-Term Microbial Assays to Investigate Dietary Effects on Chemical Carcinogenesis in Rats (1983) Dr. Rogers and her colleagues studied the effects of diet on pancreatic and liver cancer. Massachusetts Massachusetts Adrianne E Rogers, MD Liver, Pancreas pancreas, liver
Use of the Green Tea Polyphenol, Epigallocatchin-3-gallate, as a Novel Treatment for Trastuzumab Resistant Breast Cancer (2007) Trastuzumab has been used in clinical settings to block the HER2/neu activity. This postdoctoral application focused on EGCG and other green tea polyphenols as sensitizers and as effective agents in HER2/neu-resistant breast cancer cells. A mechanistic insight of their effcacy was sought by examination of the EGFR-mediated signalling pathways. Massachusetts Massachusetts Nora Mineva, PhD Breast HER2/neu, EGCG, green tea polyphenols
Use of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) in Radiation Pneumonopathy (2008) This study examined whether the dietary lignan Secoisolariciresinol Disglucoside (SDG) activates an ARE-reporter transgenic mouse line and protects wt and Nrf-/- mice against radiation-induced lung injury. The experiments sought to provide important new information on whether SDG lignan from flaxseed inhibits radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and whether this is likely mediated through the ability of SDG to induce a number of antioxidant genes. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou, PhD Lung Secoisolariciresinol Disglucoside (SDG), flaxseed, pulmonary fibrosis Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Use of Novel Gentic Mouse Models to Investigate the Health Benefits of Folate in Colon Cancer (2005) To investigate the folate defciency and increased risk of colon cancer, this study used a mouse model in which there was no folate binding protein to determine how this loss infuences colonic gene expression and DNA methylation following carcinogen (AOM) treatment. Texas Texas Robert S Chapkin, PhD Colon/Rectum folate deficiency, gene expression, DNA methylation Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Use of Novel Genetic Mouse Models to Investigate the Health Benefits of Folate in Colon Cancer (2003) Dr. Ma studied the role of folate in colon cancer development using mouse models which were deficient in folate transport. Texas Texas David Ma, PhD Colon/Rectum folate deficiency Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Type and Amount of Dietary Fiber in Experimental Colon Cancer (1983) Dr. Klurfeld studied how different kinds of dietary fiber affect the physiology of the large intestine and the subsequent development of colon cancer. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania David M Klurfeld, PhD Colon/Rectum Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Tumor Radiosensitization by Dietary Quercetin (2003) These studies were designed to determine whether ingestion of the phytochemical quercetin renders melanoma tumour cells more sensitive to killing by radiation therapy because the ability of tumours to protect against DNA damage is reduced. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Randy Burd, PhD Skin Phytochemicals, quercetin, melanoma Blueberries, Apples
Tumor Blood Vessel Maturation by Selenium (2006) This study investigated the role of selenium on tumor blood vessel maturation, based on the hypothesis that pre-treatment with organoselenium compounds leads to tumor vessel maturation, that this maturation can be assessed non-invasively by functional magnetic resonance, and that it can result in improved drug delivery and therapeutic response. New York New York Arup Bhattacharya, PhD Other selenium, tumor blood vessel maturation
Treatment of Retinoblastoma with Vitamin D Analogues (1991) Dr. Albert investigated the mechanisms by which different forms of vitamin D inhibit the growth of retinoblastoma, a tumor of the eye that is common in children and can cause blindness and death. Massachusetts Massachusetts Daniel M Albert, MD, MS Other retinoblastoma
Treatment of Cancer Anorexia with a Selective Melanocortin 4 Receptor Antagonist (2003) These studies focused on determining whether inhibition of melanocortin receptors in the brain can block the cancer anorexia/ cachexia syndrome without altering tumor progression in rodent model systems bearing lung or thymoma tumors. Washington Washington Brent E Wisse, MD Lung, Thymus melanocortin receptors, thymoma tumors
Transgenic fat-1 Mice as a Model for n-3 and n-6 PUFA Modulation of Intestinal Cancer (2004) This study examined the effects of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the development of intestinal and colon tumours in a transgenic mouse model that can convert omega-6 PUFAs to omega-3 PUFAs. New York New York Sergio A Lamprecht, PhD Colon/Rectum omega-3, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Transcriptional Attenuation Induced by Sodium Butyrate and Vitamin D3 in Colon Cancer Cells (2008) Vitamin D and sodium butyrate, generated by the fermentation of dietary fiber are both regulators of colon maturation and gene expression. They regulate gene expression through a process called transcriptional attenuation. Since the mechanisms of transcriptional attenuation are largely unknown this study sought to examine and characterize the candidate genes for transcriptional attenuation using a novel, custom built microarray analysis to understand the nature and regulatory mechanisms recruited by two nutritional factors that coordinate colonic cell maturation. New York New York Maria Cecilia Daroqui, PhD Colon/Rectum Vitamin D, butyrate Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Tomatoes, Broccoli, and Prevention of Prostate Cancer (2001) Dr. Erdman investigated whether tomatoes or broccoli have a chemopreventive action against prostate cancer in a rat model, with emphasis on transplanted tumors, mediators of antioxidant activity, androgen receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor. Illinois Illinois John W Erdman, PhD Prostate tomato, broccoli Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
Tocopherol Levels in Alveolar Macrophages & Fluids in Primary Lung Cancer (1990) Dr. Tangney sought to determine how a dietary supplement of vitamin E might be involved with regulation of the immune system�s ability to fight cancer. Dr. Tangney gave vitamin E capsules to lung cancer patients and to see if there were changes in the levels of lymphokines, which are natural substances in the body that regulate the immune system. Illinois Illinois Christine C Tangney, PhD Lung lymphokines, immune system, canecr patients
Therapy of Neuroblastoma with Retinoic Acid (1992) Dr. Reynolds investigated whether retinoids might turn off N-myc oncogene expression and thereby inhibit neuroblastoma cell growth in children. He is also exploring whether iron or vitamin E might enhance or otherwise modify the retinoid effect. California California C. Patrick Reynolds, MD, PhD Nervous System neuroblastoma, retinoids Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Therapy of Neuroblastoma with Retinoic Acid (1995) Dr. Reynolds examined the biology underlying the initial sensitivity and resultant resistance of neuroblastoma cells to retinoic acid. His investigations on the role of retinoic acid receptors and oncogene expression, transcription factors and protein phosphorylation will provide new insights into improving the response of tumors to retinoid treatment. California California C. Patrick Reynolds, MD, PhD Nervous System neuroblastoma, retinoic acid
Therapy of Neuroblastoma with Retinoic Acid (1990) Dr. Reynolds investigated the possible prevention of the recurrence of neuroblastoma, a common childhood tumor, by treatments with retinoids. He sought to determine the largest dose of retinoids that can be given to children to keep the tumor from growing back and he investigated how the retinoic acid works to prevent tumor growth. California California C. Patrick Reynolds, MD, PhD Nervous System neuroblastoma, retinoids
Therapeutic Synergy Between Piperine and Docetaxel Against Prostate Cancer (2009) Dr. Uzzo used piperine, a pungent substance found in black peppers, to increase the effectiveness of a widely used prostate cancer chemotherapy. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robert G Uzzo, MD Prostate piperine, black pepper, docetaxel
Therapeutic Synergy Between Dietary Calcium and Bacterial Entertoxins for the Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer (2010) This animal study is exploring the hypothesis that the combination between a bacterial toxin and dietary calcium is a novel and potent therapy for colorectal cancer that will suppress tumor formation and growth. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Giovanni Pitari, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum dietary calcium, heat-stable bacterial enterotoxins, calcium-sensing receptor
Therapeutic Synergy Between Dietary Calcium and Bacterial Entertoxins for the Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer (2010) This animal study is exploring the hypothesis that the combination between a bacterial toxin and dietary calcium is a novel and potent therapy for colorectal cancer that will suppress tumor formation and growth. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Giovanni Pitari, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum dietary calcium, heat-stable bacterial enterotoxins, calcium-sensing receptor
Therapeutic Synergy Between Dietary Calcium and Bacterial Entertoxins for the Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer (2010) This animal study is exploring the hypothesis that the combination between a bacterial toxin and dietary calcium is a novel and potent therapy for colorectal cancer that will suppress tumor formation and growth. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Giovanni Pitari, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum dietary calcium, heat-stable bacterial enterotoxins, calcium-sensing receptor
Therapeutic Synergy Between Dietary Calcium and Bacterial Entertoxins for the Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer (2010) This animal study is exploring the hypothesis that the combination between a bacterial toxin and dietary calcium is a novel and potent therapy for colorectal cancer that will suppress tumor formation and growth. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania United States Giovanni 0 Pitari, M.D., Ph.D. Colon/Rectum dietary calcium, heat-stable bacterial enterotoxins, calcium-sensing receptor
The Use of Transgenic Models to Elucidate the Molecular Mechanism by Which Dietary Restriction Reduces the Occurence of Cancer (1997) Dr. Heydari investigated whether dietary restriction reduces the incidence of cancer in mice treated with a carcinogen by decreasing the accumulation of DNA damage, presumably because of an increase in DNA repair during dietary restriction. Texas Texas Ahmad R Heydari, PhD Multiple Sites dietary restriction, DNA damage
The Underlying Role of Diet in Breast Cancer Risk (2004) This study used a rat mammary tumor model to investigate the mechanisms by which dietary exposure to the heavy metals lead and zinc promotes mammary tumour development. District of Columbia District of Columbia Mary Beth Martin, PhD Breast lead, zinc
The Roles of Vitamin A and Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta in Breast Cancer (1998) Dr. Gudas sought to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to loss of retinoid acid receptor gene expression in mammary carcinoma that results in the insensitivity of the cancer to the growth-inhibitory effects of retinoids. New York New York Lorraine J Gudas, PhD Breast retinoic acid
The Role of the Transcription Factor Rex-1 in Human Breast Cancer (2005) This study aimed to identify the consensus DNA binding sites for Rex-1, a transcription factor that is highly expressed in normal stem cells, that could play a role in human breast cancer and that is repressed by vitamin A and retinoic acid. New York New York Chunyang Zheng, PhD Breast retinoic acid, Rex-1
The Role of the Herb Feverfew in preventing CXCR4-Mediated Metastasis of Breast Cancer (2003) Dr. Nakshatri sought to determine whether a component of the herb feverfew, CXCR4, can synergize with docetaxel and apigenin to inhibit breast cancer metastasis in mice and also to increase the survival of these mice. Indiana Indiana Harikrishna Nakshatri, PhD Breast feverfew, CXCR4, docetaxel, apigenin
The Role of Susceptibility Genes and Dietary Risk Factors in the Etiology of Mutator versus Suppressor Pathway of Colon Cancer (1999) Dr. Bapat examined samples from a colon cancer registry for the presence of genes that either enhance or decrease the risk of colon cancer, and looked for any dietary connection. Canada Canada Bharati Bapat, PhD Colon/Rectum mutator pathway, suppressor pathway, colon cancer registry
The Role of Skeletal Muscle and Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Tumor Glutamine Metabolism in Vivo (1994) Based on observations that rapidly growing tumor cells use glutamine as a major energy source, Dr. Byerley investigated what effect this phenomenon has on glutamine metabolism in the whole body. Since glutamine utilization increases the skeletal muscle breakdown, Dr. Byerley investigated whether this may be prevented by a diet high in three branched-chain amino acids: valine, leucine and isoleucine. Texas Texas Lauri O Byerley, PhD, RD Other glutamine metabolism, valine, leucine, isoleucine
The Role of Nutritional Conditioning and Cellular Adaptation in the Genesis and Suppression of Neoplastic Transformation in Mouse Embryo NIH 3T3 Cells (1992) Dr. Rubin investigated whether glutamine, a calorie-supplying amino acid, might suppress or reverse the spontaneous transformation of NIH 3T3 cells and whether glutamine restriction might elicit an adaptation and inheritable suppression of transformation in these cells. California California Harry Rubin, DVM Other glutamine
The Role of Nuclear Hormone Receptors in PUFA-Mediated Modulation of Normal Brain and Glioma Cell Catalase Expression (1999) Dr. Robbins studied whether the ability of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to cause the death of brain tumor cells, specifically from gliomas, might be due to an increase in free radical formation, causing lower cell survival and greater radiosensitivity of the PUFA treated cells. Iowa Iowa Michael E Robbins, PhD Nervous System PUFAs, glioma
The Role of Mitochondria in Resveratrol-induced Cell Death of Human Neuroblastoma (2007) This study assessed whether resveratrol inhibits the growth and prevents the spread of neuroblastoma by interfering with mitochondrial function, leading to loss of membrane potential and activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Wisconsin Wisconsin Paul van Ginkel, PhD Nervous System resveratrol, neuroblastoma, mitochondrial function Blueberries
The Role of Lipids in the Proliferative Signal Transduction Through p21 ras Protein (1993) Dr. Golubic studied the intracellular mechanisms by which dietary fat plays a role in regulating cell division. Dietary fat may interrupt a major regulating protein in cells (c-ras oncogene) allowing the cell to continue to divide uncontrollably and increasing the possibility for cancer to develop. Ohio Ohio Mladen Golubic, MD, PhD Other cell division, c-ras oncongene
The Role of Leisure Physical Activity on Breast Density: a Biomarker Related to Breast Cancer (2010) Most studies examining the association between physical activity and breast cancer include only middle-aged and older women. This study is using data collected from women in their twenties on physical activity and breast density to determine whether physically activity during adolescence and young adulthood is important to decrease lifetime risk of breast cancer. Texas Texas Kelley Pettee Gabriel, PhD Breast health behavior, motor activity, biological marker, breast neoplasms, women
The Role of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Skin Tumor Promotion (1991) Dr. Locniskar studied the metabolism of linoleic acid, a fatty acid, to 13-hydroxyoctadeca dienoic acid (13-HODE) and she evaluated how 13-HODE and related metabolites might prevent skin tumor growth in mice. Texas Texas Mary F Locniskar, PhD Skin linoleic acid, 13-HODE
The Role of Folate Deficiency in Leukemogenesis (1997) Dr. Koury tested whether the hypothesis that folate deficiency can lead to malignant transformation by using mouse models which provided means to study the phase of the cell affected and the time frame involved. Tennessee Tennessee Mark J Koury, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph folate deficiency, leukemia Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
The Role of Folate Deficiency in Leukemogenesis (1994) Based on the evidence that suggests that folate-deficient individuals have an increased chance for developing cancer, Dr. Koury investigated whether damage to the genes of the blood-forming cells during folate deficiency leads to the later development of malignant blood-forming cells, i.e. leukemia. Tennessee Tennessee Mark J Koury, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph folate deficiency, leukemia Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
The Role of Dietary Fiber and Gut Microflora in Prevention of Colorectal Cancer (2009) This study investigated the mechanistic link between dietary fiber, gut microflora, butyrate, and DNA/histone modifications that result in gene expression changes that alter colorectal cancer susceptibility. An inbred strain of genetically-identical mice were maintained with or without intestinal bacteria and provided with two high-fiber diets that produced different levels of butyrate and a low-fiber control diet. A carcinogen was used to induce cancer, and butyrate levels and the number/size of colorectal tumors were scored. North Carolina North Carolina Scott Bultman, PhD Colon/Rectum gut microflora, butyrate, DNA/histone, low-fiber diet Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
The Role of Conjugated Dienoic Linoleate in Tumor Promotion (1995) Dr. Belury studied the mechanisms by which an unsaturated fatty acid derivative or conjugated dienoic linoleate (CLA), formed by combination of several fat components in some meats and cheeses, can afford protection against skin cancer in several animal models. Indiana Indiana Martha A Belury, PhD Skin conjugated dienoic linoleate (CLA), meat, cheese
The Role of Circulating and Cellular Factors involved in Inhibiton of Tumor Proliferation during Dietary Sodium Deprivation (1989) Dr. Fine sought to determine how a restriction in dietary sodium intake restricts the growth of solid tumors. The effects of dietary sodium deprivation on tumor cell volume, membrane transport, DNA synthesis and other cellular events were studied. New Jersey New Jersey Burton P Fine, MD Other sodium, membrane transport, DNA synthesis
The Role of Caffeine in Breast Tumor Metastasis to the Brain (2009) Dr. Majewska tested a hypothesis that caffeine's stimulative effect on neurons may play a protective role in keeping breast cancer from spreading to the brain. New York New York Ania Majewska, PhD Breast caffeine, neurons, metastasis Coffee
The Role of 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D and Its Receptor in Epidermal Carcinogenesis (2007) The goal of this application was to examine how the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-(OH)2D3, acting through its receptor, suppresses epidermal carcinogenesis by down regulating sonic hedgehog signalling. California California Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Skin Vitamin D
The Prevention of Skin Cancer with a Nutritional Supplement of Selenium (1984) Dr. Smith tested the hypothesis that a dietary supplement of selenium will help prevent recurrent skin cancer. North Carolina North Carolina Cameron L Smith, MD Skin Selenium
The Possible Protective Effects of Dietary and Aerosol Vitamin E and Gluthathione Against Lung Cancer Resulting from Oxidizing Pollutants (1983) Dr. Alfin-Slater studied whether the addition of vitamin E to the diet could protect the lungs against the cellular damage caused by ozone, a major component of smog and a possible cause of lung cancer. California California Roslyn B Alfin-Slater, PhD Lung ozone, glutathione
The Obesity-Cancer Link: Do Fatty Acids Promote the Tumorigenic Actions of IGF-1? (2005) The effects of two fatty acids, oleate and palmitate, on the actions of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in breast cancer cells and in non-malignant breast epithelial cells were examined. IGFs have been strongly implicated as an important risk factor for many common cancers, including breast, and fatty acids are increased in the blood of obese individuals and are known to cause resistance to the actions of insulin. United Kingdom United Kingdom Jeff M.P. Holly, PhD Breast oleate, palmitate, insulin-like growth factor, obesity Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
The Nutritional Prevention of Skin Cancer (1988) Dr. Clark sought to determine whether the risk of developing skin cancer is related to the level of selenium in the blood and if selenium supplementation can prevent the development of skin cancer in patients who have an increased risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer. Arizona Arizona Larry C Clark, PhD Skin selenium
The Molecular Mechanism of Iron Chelation in Neuroblastoma (1998) Dr. Fan studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of apoptosis and decreased expression of an oncogene in neuroblastoma cells treated with the iron chelator deferoxamine. Maryland Maryland Liju Fan, PhD Nervous System Iron chelator deferoxamine, apoptosis Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
The Modulating Effects of Vitamin A on Hemangioma Cell Growth and Phenotype (1993) Dr. Braunhut studied the effects of circulating levels of vitamin A in the blood and how they contribute to the growth of normal cells versus hemangioma cells. Hemangioma is a tumor or malformation of blood vessels that may occur in any part of the body. Her goal was to determine whether or not vitamin A can prevent the tumor cells from dividing and spreading to adjacent connective tissue. Massachusetts Massachusetts Susan J Braunhut, PhD Other hemangioma
The Interactive Effect of Retinoic Acid and 1,25()H)2D3 on Tumor Cell Growth (1989) Dr. Morre investigated how differentiation and cell growth of a tumor cell is altered when cultured in media containing non-toxic amounts of vitamins A and D in combination. Indiana Indiana Dorothy M Morre, PhD Other vitamin A, vitamin D, retinoic acid
The Influence of Vitamin E on the Growth of Human Prostate Cancer (1998) Dr. Pretlow explored whether vitamin E will inhibit or reverse the growth promoting effect of high fat diets on human prostate cancer. Ohio Ohio Theresa P Pretlow, PhD Prostate high-fat diet
The Influence of Vitamin A on the Regression of Endothelial Cell Tumors (1995) Dr. Braunhut expanded her studies on the influence of vitamin A on the growth and tumorigenicity of abnormal endothelial cells. The results of these investigations will suggest ways vitamin A contributes to the occurrence of endothelial cell tumors in infants and may lead to a possible treatment of the childhood hemangiomas. Massachusetts Massachusetts Susan J Braunhut, PhD Other hemangioma
The Influence of Phytoestrogens and Estrogen on Colon Cancer in Estrogen Receptor Knockout Mice (2000) Dr. MacDonald investigated the response of mice lacking estrogen receptors to treatment with phyto- and conjugated estrogens, along with injections of a colon carcinogen. Missouri Missouri Ruth S MacDonald, PhD, RD Colon/Rectum phytoestrogens, conjugated estrogens
The Influence of Dietary Fat on Mammary Tumorigenesis and RAS Oncogene mRNA Levels in MMTV/V-Ha-ras Transgenic Mice (1990) Dr. DeWille evaluated how dietary fat might influence the inherited tendency to develop breast cancer. He investigated whether fat might activate the specific gene that is responsible for inherited breast cancer. Ohio Ohio James W De Wille, PhD, MPH Breast inherited breast cancer gene, RAS oncongene
The Function of PML-RARx During All-trans Retinoic Acid Induced Differentiation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (2001) Dr. Jing studied further the relationship between cathepsin B induction by trans-retinoic acid and the cleavage of certain retinoic acid receptors, leading to differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. New York New York Yongkui Jing, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph cathepsin B, trans-retinoic acid, acute promylocytic leukemia
The Efficacy of Diet and Chemopreventatives on Cancer Progression in a Novel Mouse Model Mimicking Human Tumorigenesis (1998) Dr. Sharp investigated the chemopreventive effect of diet restriction and feeding of the phytoalexin resveratrol from grapes, either alone or in combination, on tumor formation in mice which develop pituitary and/or thyroid tumors spontaneously. Texas Texas Z. Dave Sharp, PhD Nervous System phytoalexin, resveratrol, grapes, thyroid tumors Blueberries
The Effects of Retinoids on the Neovascularization of Mammary Tumors (1998) Dr. Braunhut studied dietary forms of vitamin A and its precursors or derivatives which inhibit blood vessel formation in various human breast cancer models, as a means to inhibit cancer growth. Massachusetts Massachusetts Susan J Braunhut, PhD Breast blood vessel formation
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) 0 Maryland Maryland United States Paul Talalay, Ph.D. Skin 0
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) 0 Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Skin
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, Ph.D. Skin Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, Ph.D. Skin Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) 0 Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Skin
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) 0 Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Skin
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, Ph.D. Skin Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
The Effects of Glucosinolates on Polyps in Min Mice and the Prevention of UV-induced Skin Tumor in Hairless Mice (2004) Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, Ph.D. Skin Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
The Effects of Folate on Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Genetically Predisposed Murine Models (1998) Dr. Kim explored the effect of folate in a mouse intestinal carcinogenesis model to elucidate further the possible role of methylation in the process. Canada Canada Young-In Kim, MD, FRCPC Colon/Rectum folate, methylation Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
The Effects of Dietary Selenium Supplementation on Breast Cancer Metastasis (2009) Dr. Mastro examined the mineral selenium and its effect on breast cancer's ability to spread to the rest of the body. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Andrea M Mastro, PhD Breast selenium, metastasis
The Effects of Dietary Fats on the Progression of Prostate Cancer (1997) Dr. Grizzle explored the effects of dietary corn oil, linseed oil, or butter on the growth of three human prostatic cancer lines which were xenotransplanted into mice, based on the hypothesis that dietary fat levels influence risk of prostatic cancer. Alabama Alabama William E Grizzle, MD, PhD Prostate Corn oil, linseed oil, butter
The Effects of Caloric Restriction on Chemically Induced Mutagenesis in the Rat (1999) Dr. De Boer examined the effects of a calorie-restricted diet in modulating the action of a chemical mutagen in rats. Canada Canada Johan G De Boer, PhD Colon/Rectum, Liver caloric restriction
The Effects of Caffeine on Chemotherapy and Multi-Drug Resistance in Cancer (2005) This postdoctoral study examined the effect of caffeine on multidrug resistance (MDR) by investigating the transcriptional regulation of the MDR1 gene and its gene product P-glycoprotein in the presence of caffeine. New Jersey New Jersey Pellegrino V Magro, PhD Other caffeine, multidrug resistance, P-glycoprotein Coffee
The Effects of a Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Diet on Ovarian Function in Premenopausal Women (1996) Dr. Boyd conducted a dietary intervention study in which breast cancer risk was be followed as part of a ten-year study of women on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, with concurrent measurement of various serum hormones. Canada Canada Norman F Boyd, MD, DSc, FRCPC Breast low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, dietary intervention study
The Effectiveness of the Neutropenic Diet in Pediatric Oncology Patients" (2010) This multi-center clinical trial is determining the effectiveness of the neutropenic diet versus a liberalized diet in reducing infection rate among children with cancer and to identify the effects of the diets on the children�s health related quality of life and nutritional status. The goal of the study is to develop dietary guidelines for children with cancer that promote health related quality of life, attenuate treatment toxicity, and improve overall survival. New York New York Karen Moody, MD, MS Other children, neutropenia, white blood cell count diet, low-bacterial diet, nutrition, obesity
The Effect of the Form and Level of Selenium on Murine Mammary Gland Gluthathione Levels and Tumor Incidence (1983) Dr. Lane studied if the chemical forms of selenium commonly found in foods can prevent the development of breast cancer and how and when this preventive effect might occur. Alabama Alabama Helen W Lane, PhD Breast Selenium
The Effect of Phytoestrogens on Normal Breast Tissue in Post menopausal Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial (2000) Dr. Palomares studied whether breast density in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer can be correlated with oral intake of phytoestrogens daily over a period of one year. Washington Washington Melanie R Palomares, MD Breast phytoestrogens, breast density, postmenopausal breast cancer
The Effect of Lactobacillus on Chemically Induced Colon Tumors in the Rats (1993) Dr. Goldin has found that if lactobacillus GG, a non-pathogenic bacterium used in the production of dairy products, is fed before and during introduction to a carcinogen in an animal system, it inhibits colon tumor induction. The inhibitory effects were most pronounced when the animals were fed high-fat diets. He studied the mechanisms involved, how lactobacillus changes in composition, and the changes the bacteria cause in the intestine. This might lead to a more effective use of microorganisms in the prevention of colon cancer. Massachusetts Massachusetts Barry R Goldin, PhD Colon/Rectum lactobacillus
The Effect of Lactobacillus on Chemically Induced Colon Tumors in the Rat (1990) Dr. Goldin investigated whether lactobacillus, strains of bacteria used to produce yogurt, might lower colon cancer risk. He sought to determine whether these bacteria might prevent chemicals in the colon from being converted to cancer-causing agents. Massachusetts Massachusetts Barry R Goldin, PhD Colon/Rectum lactobacillus
The Effect of Diet on Change in Mammographic Densities at the Menopause (1999) Dr. Boyd continued a study in which low fat and high carbohydrate diets lead to a decrease in breast mammographic density in postmenopausal women. Canada Canada Norman F Boyd, MD, DSc, FRCPC Breast low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, breast density
The Effect of Anitoxidant and Dietary Restriction on the Development of Spontaneous Tumors in Heterozygous MnSOD Knockout Mice (2001) Dr. Ikeno examined the effects of caloric restriction and supplementation with vitamin E on spontaneous tumors and DNA damage in a mouse model. Texas Texas Yuji Ikeno, MD, PhD Multiple Sites vitamin E, caloric restriction, DNA damage, oxidative stress
The Effect of Altered Levels of Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Proteins on Retinoid Metabolism (1998) Dr. Roman studied the extent to which cellular retinoic acid binding proteins act as regulatory proteins in cancerous states by monitoring cellular retinoic acid levels and controlling the synthesis or degradation of retinoic acid through interaction with specific cellular proteins. Maryland Maryland Laura M Roman, PhD Other retinoic acid
The Effect of a Lycopene-rich Tomato Extract on Gene Expression in Benign Prostate Tissue: Results from a Randomized Trial in Men with HGPIN (2009) Dr. Gann examined the effect of lycopene on gene expression in human prostate to shed light on potential chemopreventive activity of lycopene-containing foods. Illinois Illinois Peter H Gann, MD, ScD Prostate lycopene, vitamin B6 Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Coffee, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Grapefruit
The Effect of 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Episomal DNA (1988) Dr. Von Hoff explored the possibility that vitamin D halts the growth of cancer by eliminating a tumor�s episomes, which are extra genes that either trigger the development of cancer or provide resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Texas Texas Daniel D Von Hoff, MD Multiple Sites 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, episomes
The Development of Methionine-Deprivation Dietary Therapy for Human Cancer (1985) Dr. Hoffman continued to develop a dietary and chemotherapeutic treatment for certain cancers that cease to grow and become more vulnerable to drugs when they are deprived of the amino acid methionine. California California Robert M Hoffman, PhD Skin methionine
The Application of the New American Plate to the Guatemalan Diet (2003) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, M.D. Other 0
The Application of the New American Plate to the Guatemalan Diet (2003) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, MD Other
The Application of the New American Plate to the Guatemalan Diet (2003) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, MD Other
The Application of the New American Plate to the Guatemalan Diet (2003) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, MD Other
The Alpha Tocopherol Transfer Protein, Vitamin E and Prostate Cancer (2009) Dr. Morley tested whether vitamin E can make prostate cancer cells more sensitive to treatment. Massachusetts Massachusetts Samantha Morley, PhD Prostate alpha tocopherol transfer protein, dietary intervention
Telephone vs. In-person Weight Loss Counseling on Weight, Body Fat and Serum Hormones in Breast Cancer Survivors (2010) This study is testing the effectiveness of two different weight loss counseling approaches among women with breast cancer: in-person versus telephone-based. Along with weight loss, the study will examine the cost-effectiveness of each program and the effect of weight loss on biological markers associated with prognosis. Connecticut Connecticut Melinda Irwin, PhD, MPH Breast obesity, diet, physical activity, exercise, prognosis, survival, telephone, cost effective
Targeting of cFLIP by Lupeol, a Dietary Triterpene, for the Chemoprevention of Pancreatic cancer (2009) Dr. Bhat examined the ability of a compound called lupeol, found in figs, mangoes, olives, strawberries and grapes, to make pancreatic cancer cells more responsive to chemotherapy. Minnesota Minnesota Mohammad Saleem Bhat, PhD Pancreas lupeol, figs, mangoes, olives, strawberries, grapes
Synergy Between Two Phytochemicals in Cruciferous Vegetables in the Prevention of Cancer (2000) Dr. Wallig investigated whether two different activated compounds produced by eating cruciferous vegetables can have synergistic cancer protective effects greater than by either compound alone. Illinois Illinois Matthew A Wallig, PhD, DVM Liver cruciferous vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Synergistic Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis by 5-hydroxyl Nobiletin and Atorvastatin (2010) This animal study is exploring the possible synergistic effect of the dietary flavonoid 5-hydroxyl nobiletin, a compound found in oranges, with a common lipid-lowering drug on colon cancer development. Massachusetts Massachusetts Hang Xiao, PhD Colon/Rectum 5-hydroxyl nobiletin, synergy, atorvastatin, orange
Suppression of Tumorigenesis by N-3 Fatty Acids (1998) Dr. Hwang studied whether fatty acids from fish oils have a protective effect against cancer by inhibiting a key enzyme which may be involved in the oxidative processes associated with carcinogenesis. Louisiana Louisiana Daniel Hwang, PhD Colon/Rectum fish oil
Suppression of Tumorigenesis by n-3 Fatty Acids (2001) Dr. Hwang studied the efficacy of n-3 fatty acids in inhibiting tumor cells with PPAR (peroxisome proliferator activated receptors) transcription factors. Louisiana Louisiana Daniel Hwang, PhD Colon/Rectum PPAR
Supplemental Vitamin A Diet as an Adjunct to Radiotherapy of Cancer (1984) Dr. Mendecki examined whether supplemental vitamin A in the diet can prevent the development of cancer, improve the success of cancer treatment, and help to avoid some of the side effects of radiation therapy. New York New York Jozef Mendecki, PhD Other vitamin A supplements, radiation therapy side effects
Studies on the Possible Linkage Between the Delivery and Metabolism of Dietary Retinoid to Bone Marrow and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (1992) Dr. Blaner investigated whether all-trans retinoic acid, an active form of vitamin A, might be increased in circulation, bone marrow, and tissues by increasing the amounts of dietary retinol or beta-carotene and other forms of vitamin A during the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). New York New York William S Blaner, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph retinoic acid, retinol, beta-carotene, acute promyelocytic leukemia Grapefruit
Studies on In Vivo Nitrosation (1991) Dr. Mirvish investigated in human volunteers and in rats how vitamin C from dietary fruits and vegetables inhibits the formation of nitrosamines. He measured 3-methyladenine in the urine as a possible indicator of increased risk for cancers of the stomach and esophagus. This substance is formed when nitrosamines attack DNA. Nebraska Nebraska Sidney S Mirvish, PhD Stomach fruits, vegetables, nitrosamines, 3-methyladenine Cranberries, Apples, Squash, Cherries
Studies On a New Retinoid-Binding Protein - Ret BP (1993) Dr. Sani discovered a new retinoid binding protein (Ret BP) that binds to Vitamin A and that may play a key role in cancer prevention and treatment. Dr. Sani utilized current technology to learn more about Ret BP�s function, chemical composition and the mechanism by which this protein works in both cell cultures and animals. Alabama Alabama Brahma P Sani, PhD Other Ret BP
Strategies for Colon Cancer Prevention with Transgenic Alfalfa: Resveratrol Glucoside (2003) Dr. Birt�s studies were designed to develop strategies for improving the colon cancer potential of resveratrol. Studies were conducted in laboratory animals using free resveratrol and by resveratrol in the form that accumulates in transgenic alfalfa (resveratrol glucoside) Iowa Iowa Diane F Birt, PhD Colon/Rectum resveratrol, alfalfa Blueberries
Specific Role of Genistein in Reducing Hormonal and Proliferative Risk Parameters in Prostate Cancer (1999) Dr. Kumar explored whether supplementation of the diets of prostate cancer patients with the soy isoflavone, genistein, will lead to a decrease in the levels of biomarkers which are indicative of a risk for prostate cancer. Florida Florida Nagi B Kumar, PhD, RD, FADA Prostate Genistein
Soybean Diet and Breast Cancer Prevention (1995) Dr. Lu assessed the effect of a soy milk dietary supplement, given to premenopausal women, on levels of ovarian hormones and other parameters of hormonal function, to furnish information on diets that may protect against breast cancer. Texas Texas Lee-Jane W Lu, PhD Breast soy milk, ovarian hormones
Soybean Consumption and Colon Cancer Prevention - Studies in a Mouse Model and in Human Colon Cells (2003) These studies were designed to examine whether soybean consumption can enhance vitamin D synthesis in colon cells due to its high phytoestrogen content and whether this subsequently prevents the occurrence of premalignant changes in the colon. Austria Austria Heide S Cross, PhD Colon/Rectum soybeans, phytoestrogen Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Soy Sphingadienes and Related Compounds in Colon Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment (2009) Dr. Saba studied the ability of substances found in soy to kill colon cancer cells without damaging healthy cells. California California Julie Saba, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum sphingadienes, soy, fat
Soy Products And Experimental Bladder Cancer (2000) Dr. Clinton investigated the effects of soy products on growth of transplantable bladder carcinomas in mice, under the premise that soy products reduce the levels of some cell growth factors and lead to death of tumor cells. Ohio Ohio Steven K Clinton, MD, PhD Bladder soy
Soy Isoflavones to Protect Normal Lung During Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer (2010) This animal study is investigating the capability for the natural isoflavones contained in soybeans to protect normal lung against radiation injury, while at the same time enhancing the effect of the radiotherapy against tumor cells. Dr. Hillman will conduct first cell then animal studies to determine the most effective combinations of radiation and soy isoflavones to improve lung cancer treatment. Michigan Michigan Gilda Hillman, PhD Lung Soy isoflavones, radiotherapy
Soy Isoflavones to Protect Normal Lung During Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer (2010) This animal study is investigating the capability for the natural isoflavones contained in soybeans to protect normal lung against radiation injury, while at the same time enhancing the effect of the radiotherapy against tumor cells. Dr. Hillman will conduct first cell then animal studies to determine the most effective combinations of radiation and soy isoflavones to improve lung cancer treatment. Michigan Michigan Gilda Hillman, PhD Lung Soy isoflavones, radiotherapy
Soy Isoflavones to Protect Normal Lung During Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer (2010) This animal study is investigating the capability for the natural isoflavones contained in soybeans to protect normal lung against radiation injury, while at the same time enhancing the effect of the radiotherapy against tumor cells. Dr. Hillman will conduct first cell then animal studies to determine the most effective combinations of radiation and soy isoflavones to improve lung cancer treatment. Michigan Michigan Gilda Hillman, PhD Lung Soy isoflavones, radiotherapy
Soy Isoflavones to Protect Normal Lung During Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer (2010) This animal study is investigating the capability for the natural isoflavones contained in soybeans to protect normal lung against radiation injury, while at the same time enhancing the effect of the radiotherapy against tumor cells. Dr. Hillman will conduct first cell then animal studies to determine the most effective combinations of radiation and soy isoflavones to improve lung cancer treatment. Michigan Michigan United States Gilda 0 Hillman, Ph.D. Lung Soy isoflavones, radiotherapy
Soy Isoflavone As A Radiation Sensitizer in Prostate Cancer (1998) Dr. Zhou explored the hypothesis that radiation in combination with dietary isoflavones from soy are synergistic against human prostate cancer cells, carried as xenographs in mice. Massachusetts Massachusetts Jin-Rong Zhou, PhD Prostate dietary isoflavones, soy
Soy Foods, Isoflavones, Insulin-like Growth Factor I, and Breast Cancer Risk (2002) Dr. Maskarinec used serum samples and data from several dietary surveys to determine whether insulin-like growth factor is associated with diet, soy intake, increased density in mammograms and other risk factors for breast cancer. Hawaii Hawaii Gertraud Maskarinec, PhD, MD Breast insulin-like growth factor, diet, soy
solation and Identification of Anticarcinogenic Minor Dietary Component (1985) With the use of a new, rapid assay developed with earlier support from AICR, Dr. Talalay continued his systematic identification of the substances found naturally in vegetables which are capable of stimulating the deactivation of carcinogens. Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Liver vegetables, carcinogens Squash
Sinigrin as Anticarcinogen to Nitrosamines (1984) Dr. Chung tested whether a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, sinigrin, can prevent the development of liver, lung, and nasal tumors caused by exposure to a powerful carcinogen present in tobacco. New York New York Fung-Lung Chung, PhD Liver, Lung sinigrin, cruciferous vegetables, liver, lung, nasal tumors, tobacco Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Short-Term Leucine Restriction for Complementary Therapy of Breast Cancer (2005) This study examined whether dietary restriction of leucine increases the efficacy of breast cancer therapy by down-regulating the mTor/ S6K1 signalling pathway, which is activated in about 50% of breast cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Texas Texas Funda Meric-Bernstam, MD Breast leucine
Short-chain Fatty Acids: Molecular Mechanism of Action (1999) Dr. Mariadason studied the effect of short-chain fatty acids on the cell cycle, specifically with reference to a possible role of histone deacetylase and its inhibition in the action of butyrate. New York New York John Mariadason, PhD Colon/Rectum histone deacetylase, butyrate
Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism and APC Initiated Colon Cancer (1995) Dr. Augenlicht used mice with genes that predispose them to colon cancer to study the molecular mechanism of the protective effects of short chain fatty acids, produced by fermentation of fiber in the intestinal tract. Based on his previous work Dr. Augenlicht tested if short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) correct defects in normal differentiation, mitochondrial gene expression and apoptosis. New York New York Leonard H Augenlicht, PhD Colon/Rectum fiber, short chain fatty acids Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Sequelae of Adiposity in the Etiology of Colorectal Neoplasia (2003) Dr. Platz investigated whether obesity can influence the development of adenomatous polyps and colon cancer as a result of cell inflammation. Maryland Maryland Elizabeth A Platz, PhD Colon/Rectum obesity, adenomatous polyps, cell inflammation
Sensitizing Cancer for Chemotherapy (1998) Dr. Hardman tested the hypothesis that treatment of tumor cells with n-3 fatty acids and iron will sensitize the tumor cells to chemotherapy without affecting normal cells. Texas Texas W. Elaine Hardman, PhD Breast n-3 fatty acids Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Selenium Protection from Chemotherapeutic Toxicity (2004) This study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the protection by selenium of normal bone marrow and gut epithelium cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity during treatment of colon and squamous cell carcinomas by the chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan. Indiana Indiana Martin L Smith, PhD Colon/Rectum selenium, irinotecan
Selenium Inhibition of Breast Cancer (1985) Dr. Medina studied a group of selenium-containing proteins found in breast cells which may be involved in regulating the growth and proliferation of pre-cancerous cells. Texas Texas Daniel Medina, PhD Breast selenium
Selenium and Prostate Cancer (2002) Dr. Sytkowski studied the human selenium binding protein (hsp 56) that is expressed in prostate cancer cell lines to determine its cellular and molecular properties and its biological action, its effect on growth of tumor cells in mice and its distribution in both prostate tumors and normal cells. Massachusetts Massachusetts Arthur J Sytkowski, MD Prostate human selenium binding protein (hsp 56)
Selenium and Prostate Cancer (1999) Dr. Stykowski investigated the mechanism by which dietary selenium suppresses prostate cancer, presumably through a selenium binding protein that may be a growth-regulating protein, which is deficient in prostate cancer cells. Massachusetts Massachusetts Arthur J Sytkowski, MD Prostate dietary selenium
Selenium and Osteoblast Involvement in Breast Cancer Metastases in Bone (2006) This study investigated how selenium affects the interaction of osteoblasts and breast cancer cells. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Andrea M Mastro, PhD Breast selenium, osteoblasts, metastasis
Selective Reduction of cis-Platinum Toxicity by Selenium Supplementation (1987) Dr. Magin studied how a dietary supplement of the mineral selenium may be able to reduce the toxic side effects of the anti-cancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and improve this drug�s effectiveness. Illinois Illinois Richard L Magin, PhD Other selenium, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum
Selective Inhibition of DMBA-DNA Adducts by Selenium Supplementation (1985) Dr. Milner studied how the mineral selenium interferes with the initiation of cancer in the breast cells and in the embryo cells of mice. Illinois Illinois John A Milner, PhD Breast selenium
Saturated Fatty Acids Regulate DNA Synthesis via Growth Factor Receptor Associated G-Proteins (1993) In the body, G-proteins translate signals within the cell membrane and are part of normal cell function. Dr. Hardy studied whether palmitate, a saturated fatty acid that regulates G-proteins, plays a role in the development or prevention of cancer. Alabama Alabama Robert W Hardy, PhD Other G-protein, palmitate
Saturated Fatty Acids Regulate DNA Synthesis Via Growth Factor Receptor Associated G-Proteins (1995) Dr. Hardy further examined the inhibitory action of dietary long chain saturated fatty acids, specifically stearic acid, on breast cell proliferation and tumorigenesis since this fatty acid disrupts cell proliferation initiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Alabama Alabama Robert W Hardy, PhD Breast Stearic acid, epidermal growth factor (EGF)
Role of Wnt Signaling in Butyrate-Induced Colon Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis (2003) Dr. Sartorelli examined the mechanisms by which butyrate, a natural degradation product of dietary fiber in the colon, can influence the development of colon cancer. Connecticut Connecticut Alan C Sartorelli, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Role of Vitamins in Leukemia Therapy (1987) Dr. Yen sought to determine how vitamin A or vitamin D can be used to reduce the dosage of certain chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat leukemia and what happens at the level of the cells� genes to make this possible. New York New York Andrew Yen, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph vitamin D, leukemia
Role of Vitamins in Leukemia Therapy (1993) This renewal grant was a continuation of Dr. Yen�s work on how retinoic acid (vitamin A) induces a change in tumor expression in leukemic cells. Overall the goal of this grant was to design a chemotherapeutic regime using retinoic acid, as a prototype, to help treat individuals with leukemia. New York New York Andrew Yen, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph retinoic acid, leukemia
Role of Vitamin D in Maturation of Leukemic Cells (1987) Dr. Studzinski studied how derivatives of vitamin D can prevent the development of leukemia by promoting the transformation of immature, cancer-like cells into normally functioning white blood cells. New Jersey New Jersey George P Studzinski, MD, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia
Role of the Bad Protein in Mediating Tumor Suppressive Effect of Omega-3 PUFAs (2007) This study examined whether the prostate cancer development by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated in part through Bad-dependent apoptosis. Bad is a protein that leads to tumour cell death. The role of Bad is not as clear, and it is likely that new mechanistic information of relevance to prostate cancer growth and progression was obtained from these studies. North Carolina North Carolina Yong Chen, PhD Prostate omega-3, Bad protein, apoptosis
Role of the Adrenal Gland in Mediating Cancer Preventive Effects of Caloric Restriction (1999) Dr. Schwartz attempted to determine the relationship between calorie restriction and the role of the adrenal gland in cancer prevention, specifically through inhibition of enzymes involved in metabolism of sugars. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Arthur G Schwartz, PhD Skin caloric restriction, sugar
Role of Soy and Red Wine Phytoestrogens in Breast Cancer Progression (2003) This study used an innovative in situ microscopic imaging system to study the rapid in vivo effects of the phytooestrogens genistein and daidzein from soy, and resveratrol from red wine, on the metastasis of breast cancer cells in laboratory mice. Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Suranganie F Dharmawardhane, PhD Breast genistein, soy, daidzein, resveratrol, red wine Blueberries
Role of Retinoid Receptors in Mediating the Response to 1,25 (OH)2D3 of Normal and Transformed Keratinocytes (1996) Dr. Bikle tested whether retinoic acid (RA), selective RA receptor agonists and retinoid X receptor agonists alter proliferation and differentiation, as regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in normal and transformed keratinocytes from epidermis, and the interactions of these components in regulating gene expression. California California Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Skin retinoic acid, vitamin D, keratinocytes
Role of Retinoic Acid and Its Receptors in Leukemia Cell Differentiation (1991) Dr. Sartorelli investigated how retinoic acid might interact with special receptor sites to convert leukemia cells back to normal cells, thereby causing remission in leukemia patients. Connecticut Connecticut Alan C Sartorelli, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph retinoic acid, leukemia
Role of Pure Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers in the Prevention of Cancer (2003) Dr. Liu examined the anticancer activity of the two major isomers of CLA against adenocarcinoma in mice New York New York Rui Hai Liu, PhD Stomach conjugated linoleic acid
Role of phytic acid in the treatment of cancer (2005) This study investigated how Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, a metabolite of phytic acid, binds and deactivates Akt signalling pathways to disrupt signals associated with cancer cell survival in ovarian cancer cells. Massachusetts Massachusetts Hongbo R Luo, PhD Ovary phytic acid
Role of p27 and cdk2 in Retinoid Regulation of Breast Cancer Cell Growth (1999) Dr. Pratt investigated how retinoic acid (RA) inhibits the growth of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells (MCF-7), based on the hypothesis that RA decreases the levels of certain cell kinases and leads to hypophosphorylation of the kinase complexes. Canada Canada M.A. Christine Pratt, PhD Breast retinoic acid, cell kinases
Role of oxGPCs/PAFR in BITC Mediated Suppresion of Melanoma (2009) Dr. Sahu conducted research that involved a component of cruciferous vegetables and its effect in melanoma. Indiana Indiana Ravi P Sahu, PhD Skin cruciferous vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Role of Nutrient Modulation of Cell Adhesion in Colon Cancer (1996) Dr. Sellin studied the role that cell adhesion molecules have in colon cell differentiation and transformation, as well as the role of dietary calcium, short chain fatty acids and genetic factors in influencing tumor formation in the colon. Texas Texas Joseph H Sellin, MD Colon/Rectum calcium, short chain fatty acids, genetic factors
Role of Niacin as a Chemopreventive Agent in Lung Cancer (2001) Dr. Chatterjee studied the effects of niacin or nicotinamide deficiency on damage to cellular DNA and how supplementation prevents such damage. Ohio Ohio Satadal Chatterjee, PhD Lung niacin, nicotinamide, DNA damage
Role of MLH1 Promoter, SNP and Diet in Colon Cancer (2007) This study examined how dietary factors interact with the MLHI-93GA promoter SNP functions and affect the etiology of microsatellite instability positive and negative, microsatellite stable colorectal tumors. Colorectal cancer cases from Ontario, Newfoundland and Seattle were included and cell studies used colorectal cancer cell lines. These studies helped to better understand how dietary factors can regulate the contribution of the MLHI-93GA polymorphism to colorectal cancer susceptibility at the population level. Canada Canada Bharati Bapat, PhD Colon/Rectum MLHI-93GA promoter SNP
Role of Lipotrope in Mammary Tumor and DNA Methylation (1990) Dr. Park studied the interaction of lipotropes (e.g. choline, methionine, and folic acid) and fat in an attempt to explain how the amounts of each might influence mammary tumor growth. The proper balance of lipotropes and fat in our diets might further reduce cancer risk. North Dakota North Dakota Chung S Park, PhD Breast fat
Role of Green Tea Extracts on Chromatin Remodeling of Telomerase Gene in Cancer Cells (2004) This postdoctoral study investigated the effects of the green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on telomerase gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human teratocarcinoma cells to determine if the down regulation of this gene is the mechanism by which EGCG induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Alabama Alabama Liang Liu, PhD Breast Green tea, EGCG
Role of Eicosanoids as Promoting Agents in Intestinal Tumorigenesis (1996) Dr. Whelan investigated whether increased biosynthesis of certain fatty acid derivatives (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) would alter the tumor incidence in mice that already have a propensity to develop intestinal tumors. Tennessee Tennessee Jay Whelan, PhD Colon/Rectum prostaglandins, leukotrienes
Role of Dietary Metals in Breast Cancer (2000) Dr. Martin�s sought to determine whether the metallic dietary constituents, cadmium and arsenic, have an estrogenic effect in animals, and whether they enhance mammary tumors, either alone or together. District of Columbia District of Columbia Mary Beth Martin, PhD Breast cadmium, arsenic
Role of Dietary Fats and Estrogens in the Etiology of Prostate Cancer: A Rat Model (1997) Dr. Geliebter investigated whether rats maintained on a diet high in animal fats for two successive generations, and thus putatively exposed to estrogen, would have a higher and earlier incidence of prostatic hyperplasia, both benign and malignant, than in similarly treated rats on corn oil diets. New York New York Jan Geliebter, PhD Prostate high-animal fat diet, corn oil diet Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Role of Dietary Fat-Type on Chemical Carcinogen Activation (1983) Dr. Wade studied how different types and different amounts of fat in the diet affect the metabolic activation of certain chemicals into carcinogens. Certain fats, like fish oils, seem to have a cancer-inhibiting effect, but it depends on what stage in the cancer process the fish oils are administered. Georgia Georgia Adelbert E Wade, PhD Other chemical carcinogens
Role of Dietary Factors in the Regulation of Nuclear Oncogenes (1993) Various protooncogenes, precursor cancer genes, play an important role in the normal growth of cells. Activation of these cells to oncogenes is thought to be modulated through nutritional factors such as protein deprivation. Dr. Hann looked at the interrelationship between two proteins, the c-myc 1 and c-myc 2, and how nutritional factors play a role in their transformation. Tennessee Tennessee Stephen R Hann, PhD Other protooncogenes, protein deprivation, c-myc 1, c-myc 2
Role of Dietary Cholesterol and Fat in the Promotion of Breast Cancer (1990) Dr. Clarke sought to determine how low-fat, high-fat, and high-cholesterol diets influence the activities of two enzymes, aromatase and sulfatase, which are needed to convert dietary cholesterol to estrogen. This research had the potential to lead to guidelines to help reduce the growth of some types of breast tumors. District of Columbia District of Columbia Robert S Clarke, PhD, DSc Breast aromatase, sulfatase, cholesterol Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Role of Dietary Carotenoids as Anti-Cancer Agents (1994) Dr. Truscott investigated the efficiency by which various carotenoids quench oxygen radicals and whether the efficiency is dependent on the molecular environment. The major role of carotenoids in cancer prevention is that of quenching oxygen radicals (superoxide and peroxyl radicals). Dr. Truscott aimed to identify the most effective and useful forms of carotenoids for cancer prevention. United Kingdom United Kingdom T.G. Truscott, DSc, FRPC Other oxygen radicals Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash
Role of Dietary Arginine in Tumor Growth and Metastasis (1997) Dr. MacLeod looked into the role that dietary arginine and nitric oxide play in the processes of breast tumor metastasis, using a mouse mammary tumor model. California California Carol L MacLeod, PhD Breast dietary arginine, nitric oxide
Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Free Radical Enhancement of Etoposide (VP-16) Antitumor Activity (1994) Dr. Kagan investigated the interaction between dietary antioxidants, vitamins C and E, BHT and BHA, and etoposide VP-16, a widely used phenolic antitumor drug. He sought to determine how different levels of these antioxidants may affect oxidative activation of VP-16 in K562 human leukemia cells and the extent of cytotoxicity of VP-16 in these cells. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Valerian E Kagan, PhD, DSc Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph vitamin E, vitacin C, BHT, BHA, etoposide VP-16, leukemia
Role of Cellular Glutathione in Selenite Cytotoxicity (1991) Dr. Frenkel investigated whether glutathione, a natural compound composed of amino acids, might increase the ability of dietary selenium to inhibit tumor cell growth. Cancer cells from the lung, breast, and colon were studied. New Jersey New Jersey Gerald D Frenkel, PhD Breast, Colon/Rectum, Lung glutathione, selenium
Role of Arachidonic Acid and PGE2 as Key Mediators of Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Vivo (1999) Dr. Whelan used a mouse model of intestinal carcinogenesis to delineate the role of the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonate and related entities, such as prostaglandin, in the process of tumor formation. Tennessee Tennessee Jay Whelan, PhD Colon/Rectum arachidonate, prostaglandins
Role of Apple in the Prevention of Cancer (2006) This study tested the preventive effect of apple phytochemicals against mammary cancer in a rat model. New York New York Rui Hai Liu, PhD Breast apple, phytochemicals Apples
Reversal of Ras Oncogene-Induced Cell Transformation by Dietary Terpenes (1992) Dr. Ruch investigated how limonene and carvone, components of citrus fruits and caraway seeds, might revert cancerous liver cells back to normal cells. One of the mechanisms that was studied was ras-oncogene activity. Ohio Ohio Randall J Ruch, PhD Liver limonene, carvone, citrus fruits, caraway seeds, ras-oncogene Cherries, Grapefruit
Reversal of Apoptosis Resistance in Malignant Rat Lymphoma Cells and Human B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Butyrate, a Diet-Derived Fatty Acid (1995) Dr. Buckley used cell culture models to study the molecular processes involved in reversal of tumor progression by butyrate, produced from dietary fiber. Special emphasis was on the examination of whether sodium butyrate alters the H-ras protooncogene signaling pathway. North Dakota North Dakota Arthur R Buckley, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph sodium butyrate, H-ras protooncogene signaling pathway Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
revention of hepatocellular carcinoma by EGC (2012) Dr. Fuchs is using an animal model of chronic liver disease to determine whether EGCG (a phytochemical in green tea), inhibits the development of liver cancer by inhibiting cirrhosis. He is testing EGCG alone and in combination with erlotinib, a common treatment for the disease, to determine if it slows tumor progression. Massachusetts Massachusetts Bryan Fuchs, PhD Liver
Retinoids: Mode of Action as Inhibitors of Human Carcinogenesis (1989) Dr. Bertram studied how retinoic acid, a form of vitamin A, acts to prevent skin cancer. He examined vitamin A-treated human skin to determine if increased communication between cells might inhibit conversion of normal to malignant cells. Hawaii Hawaii John S Bertram, PhD Skin retinoic acid Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Retinoids, Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer (1993) Ninety percent of cervical cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Vitamin A is known to regulate the function of the epithelial cells of the cervix and HPV cells are sensitive to vitamin A. In his renewal grant, Dr. Eckert sought to identify the gene responsible for retinoid sensitivity in the cells of the cervix in hopes of coming up with better and more effective treatment for this cancer. Ohio Ohio Richard L Eckert, PhD Cervix human papillomavirus (HPV)
Retinoids, Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer (1991) Dr. Eckert investigated the mechanisms by which retinoids might inhibit the human papillomavirus activity associated with cell transformation, and thereby prevent the development and growth of tumors of the cervix. Ohio Ohio Richard L Eckert, PhD Cervix human papillomavirus (HPV)
Retinoids, Insulin-like Growth Factors and Cervical Cancer (1995) Dr. Eckert examined the regulation of cervical cells by retinoids and aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which retinoids regulate insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). Dr. Eckert hypothesized that retinoids may act as chemopreventive agents by increasing IGFBP-3 levels, which in turn mediate the inhibitory effects of retinoids on cervical cancer cell proliferation. Ohio Ohio Richard L Eckert, PhD Cervix insulin growth factor binding proteins, retinoids
Retinoids and Immune Recovery After Bone Marrow Transplantation (1997) Dr. High sought to determine whether vitamin A supplementation can improve the immune function of patients receiving bone marrow transplants. North Carolina North Carolina Kevin P High, MD, MSc Other bone marrow transplant
Retinoid Therapy of Neuroblastoma (1997) Dr. Reynolds studied the mechanisms of action of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) as an inhibitor of the growth of various neuroblastoma cell lines in order to define the types of patients likely to benefit from use of 4-HPR. California California C. Patrick Reynolds, MD, PhD Nervous System neuroblastoma, retinoids
Retinoid Responsiveness of Mammary Carcinoma Cells (1995) Dr. Talmage examined the cellular events involved in retinoic acid inhibition of cell proliferation in estrogen dependent tumor cell lines and how treatment with interferons leads to inhibitory action in otherwise estrogen independent cell lines. New York New York David A Talmage, PhD Breast retinoic acid, estrogen, interferons
Retinoid Metabolism and Signaling in Oral Cavity Carcinogenesis (2002) Dr. Tang investigated whether alterations in the metabolism of Vitamin A derivatives might be associated with induction of tumors in the oral cavity of mice. New York New York Xiao-Han Tang, PhD Head and Neck metabolism
Retinoid Interference with Lung Tumor Promotion (1995) Dr. Malkinson investigated the potential of retinoids to block the lung tumor promoting ability of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) metabolite BHTOH, and the effects of BHTOH on gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), apoptosis and proliferation. In this study retinoid effects will be studied in a model of human adenocarcinoma. Colorado Colorado Alvin M Malkinson, PhD Lung BHTOH, retinoids, GJIC
Retinoid Effects on Growth Factor Gene Expression in Mammary Glands (1989) Dr. Meeks studied how a special form of vitamin A may be able to interfere with those changes in the genes of breast cells which lead to the development of cancer. Alabama Alabama Robert G Meeks, PhD Breast retinoids
Retinoid Acid-Dependent Regulation of PDGF A Chain Expression (1996) Dr. Wang investigated the mechanism of the inhibitory action of retinoic acid on the synthesis of a platelet-derived growth factor which serves as a mitogen for a wide range of cell types during differentiation. Illinois Illinois Solita Chiayeng Wang, PhD Other retinoic acid
Retinoic Acid-Dependent Regulation of PDGF A Chain Expression (1994) Dr. Wang investigated the basic mechanisms by which retinoic acid can regulate gene expression, in particular the expression of the PDGF-A chain. PDGF is a major growth regulator for connective tissues and glial cells. Dr. Wang has shown that PDGF is over-expressed in malignant brain tumors and that retinoic acid blocks PDGF-A protein expression during cell differentiation. She expanded her studies on this activity of retinoic acid and its role as an anti-cancer agent. Illinois Illinois Solita Chiayeng Wang, PhD Nervous System retinoic acid. PDGF-A Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Retinoic Acid Represses Genes on Chromosome 12p: Implications for Testicular Cancer Pathogenesis (2005) Various genes on chromosome 12p that are repressed by retinoic acid and correlate with retinoic acid-induced loss of tumourigenicity were discovered. This postdoctoral study investigated whether these retinoic acid-repressed genes have oncogenic properties. New Hampshire New Hampshire Caryl J Giuliano, PhD Testis retinoic acid, chromosone 12p
Retinoic Acid - Mediated Tumor Suppression in Human Oral Cancer (1997) Dr. Wong investigated whether retinoic acid suppresses human oral cancer cell growth because it induced expression of an oral tumor suppresser gene (doc-1) and sought to characterize the specific regions of doc-1 involved in the retinoic acid effect. Massachusetts Massachusetts David Wong, DMSc, DMD Head and Neck retinoic acid
Resveratrol for Ex Vivo Purging of Bone Marrow Transplants (2000) Dr. Gautam attempted to use resveratrol, a dietary constituent, to selectively purge leukemia cells from bone marrow autografts without damaging the normal hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Michigan Michigan Subhash C Gautam, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph resveratrol, leukemia Blueberries
Response of Beta-Carotene to Dietary Selenium and Alpha-Tocopherol (1990) Dr. Stoecker sought to determine whether selenium and vitamin E might enhance the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A. Independently, selenium, vitamin E, and beta-carotene have been associated with reduced cancer risks. The combination in our diets might further reduce cancer risks. Oklahoma Oklahoma Barbara J Stoecker, PhD Other selenium, vitamin E, beta-carotene Flaxseed, Grapefruit
Resistance Training and Physical Functioning in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (RETAIN)" (2010) Dr. Rogers is measuring whether it is feasible and safe to complete tests on muscle strengthening in head and neck cancer patients. The study will also determine the benefits of muscle training (with regard to muscle strength), muscle tissue loss, fatigue, quality of life, and ability to function physically. Illinois Illinois Laura Rogers, MD, MPH Head and Neck resistance training, muscle strengthening, cancer patients
Reliability of Food Composition Data in Epidemiological Diet Cancer Studies (1983) Studies of the relationships between cancer and diet depend in part on the accuracy of food composition data in order to adequately describe the dietary components. Dr. Young critically examined food composition tables to enable researchers to more accurately report human intake of nutrients. Massachusetts Massachusetts Vernon R Young, PhD Other food composition data
Regulation of Tumors by Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids (1985) Dr. Hoffman studied how narcotic-like hormones called opioids, found naturally in the human body and also in milk, can influence and possibly regulate the growth of tumors. He investigated which tumors make opioids and how this synthesis is controlled. California California Andrew R Hoffman, MD Other opioids, milk
Regulation of Tumor Progression Gene Expression by Dietary Factors (2000) Dr. Buckley examined some novel genes found in hormone responsive rat and human tumor cells and investigated whether expression of these genes can be altered by dietary differentiating agents such as butyrate, retinoic acid and vitamin D. Ohio Ohio Arthur R Buckley, PhD Other butyrate, retinoic acid
Regulation of the MYCN Oncogene in Neuroblastoma (2009) Dr. Wada studied the effect of a form of vitamin A on a series of genes that can cause the childhood cancer called neuroblastoma to become benign. Hawaii Hawaii Randal Wada, MD Nervous System retinoic acid, neuroblastoma, MYCN gene
Regulation of Selenoprotein Translation (2001) Dr. Diamond used methylated and unmethylated transfer RNA isoacceptors to study formation of selenium-containing proteins in cells and how the process relates to the cancer chemopreventive effects of selenium. Illinois Illinois Alan M Diamond, PhD Other selenoprotein, RNA
Regulation of Selenoprotein Translation (1999) Dr. Diamond examined the mechanism by which selenium protects against various types of cancer, possibly through the genes that regulate the synthesis of selenoproteins. Illinois Illinois Alan M Diamond, PhD Other selenium, selenoproteins
Regulation of Nucleoside Transport and Drug Toxicity by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (1994) Dr. Meckling-Gill extended her previous studies to include an in vivo tumor model with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as adjuvant to chemotherapeutic drug treatment to establish whether or not in vitro differences in drug toxicity are replicated in the animal model. Canada Canada Kelly A Meckling-Gill, PhD Other omega-3, drug toxicity
Regulation of Nucleoside Transport and Drug Toxicity by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (1992) Dr. Meckling-Gill sought to determine whether omega-3 or omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in animal diets or cultured cells affect the uptake of chemotherapeutic nucleoside drugs, such as araC and AZT. Canada Canada Kelly A Meckling-Gill, PhD Other omega-3, omega-6, PUFAs, chemotherapeutic nucleoside drugs
Regulation of Gene Expression by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Retinoids (1995) Dr. Bernholr used a sensitive assay he developed to study how metabolites of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids bind to cellular receptors and how in combination with vitamin A derivatives, they regulate genes needed to control cell growth. Minnesota Minnesota David Bernlohr, PhD Other polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A
Regulation of Colonocyte Growth and Differentiation (1994) Dr. Barnard investigated the mechanism by which butyrate exerts rapid and potent effects on growth and maturation of colon epithelial cells. This effect appears to be mediated through a key growth-regulating gene, c-myc. Dr. Barnard�s studies sought to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which butyrate affects c-myc as well as the degree of maturation of the colon epithelial cells. Tennessee Tennessee John A Barnard, MD Colon/Rectum butyrate, c-myc
Regulation of C-MYB in Human Myelomonocytic Differentiation (1988) Dr. Westin examined how vitamin A and vitamin D affect the genes that help to determine whether white blood cells develop into normal cells or whether they develop into the cancer cells of leukemia. Virginia Virginia Eric H Westin, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia, vitamin A, vitamin D
Regulation of Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells (1998) Dr. Kumar sought to determine the role of butyrate as an inducer of apoptosis in human colon cancer, especially with reference to Bax and procaspase-3 and proteolytic degradation of DNA repair enzymes. Texas Texas Rakesh Kumar, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate, apoptosis
Regulation of Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells (1996) The goal of Dr. Kumar�s research was to explore the cellular basis for the protective action of butyrate (produced by fermentation of dietary fiber) against colorectal cancer as well as the involvement of apoptosis or programmed cell death in the protective effect. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Rakesh Kumar, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate, apoptosis, programmed cell death Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Ras Oncoprotein Processing and Carcinogenesis: Chemoprevention by Retinoic Acid (1993) The p21 ras-oncogene is thought to transform normal cells to cancerous cells. Dr. Agarwal examined the mechanisms involved and if or how retinoic acid affects the inhibition of a protein which in turn inhibits the p21 ras-oncogene. Ohio Ohio Rajesh Agarwal, PhD Other p21 ras-oncogene, retinoic acid
Protein Metabolism in An Animal Model of Cancer Associated Cachexia: Effects of Ornithine alphaketoglutarate (1992) Dr. Baracos continued to investigate how ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) might improve host protein metabolism and thereby control cachexia and limit the wasting away of muscle tissue in the tumor-bearing host. Canada Canada Vickie E Baracos, PhD Liver ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate, malnutrition, weight loss
Protein Kinase C: Specific Isozymes and Kinase-regulated Genes as Determinants of the Effects of Bile Acids on Normal and Maligant Human Colon Cells (1990) Dr. Morin sought to determine how bile acids control and possibly prevent the growth of tumors in the large intestine. Fats in our diets are digested to form bile acids. Some bile acids apparently are involved with the conversion of tumor cells back to noncancerous cells. He explored this conversion and the role of the enzyme protein kinase C in the regulation of tumor cell growth. Illinois Illinois Michael J Morin, PhD Colon/Rectum bile acids, protein kinase C
Protective Effect of Dietary Vitamin E Against Drug Induced Cancer (1987) Dr. Van Eys studied how dietary vitamin E prevents breast cancer from developing in animals treated with the chemotherapeutic drug daunomycin. Texas Texas Jan Van Eys, MD, PhD Breast daunomycin
Protease Inhibitors and Gap Junctions in Breast Cancer Progression and Chemoprevention (1998) Dr. Sawey sought to determine the relationship between cell-cell interactions as mediated by gap junctions, and the suppression of mammary tumorigenesis in a rodent model by the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor from soybeans. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Mary Jean Sawey, PhD Breast soy, gap junctions, Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor
Prostate Cancer Progression in a Transgenic Mouse Model: Dietary Intervention (1999) Dr. Dodd developed a transgenic mouse model of prostatic cancer, which mimics the human situation of progression from dysplasia to carcinoma, and used the model to determine how dietary genistein inhibits the progression of prostatic cancer. Canada Canada Janice G Dodd, PhD Prostate Genistein
Prostate Cancer Prevention by Phytochemicals in White Button Mushrooms (2005) The aim of this study was to examine the role of a phytochemical found in white button mushrooms in suppressing the enzymes 5-alpha-reductase and aromatase, which infuence prostate cancer growth. California California Shiuan Chen, PhD Prostate white button mushroom, 5-alpha-reductase, aromatase
Prostate Cancer Prevention by Grape Seed Extract (2000) Dr. Agarwal assessed the effect of grape seed extract on cell signaling in human prostate cancer cell lines in culture and the action of the extract on growth and regression of human prostate cancer cells implanted in mice. Colorado Colorado Chapla Agarwal, PhD Prostate grape seed extract
Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention (1996) Dr. Mukhtar investigated the major anticarcinogenic compounds found in green tea (cathechins) for their ability to inhibit carcinogenesis through inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamine levels in a rat prostate model. Ohio Ohio Hasan Mukhtar, PhD Prostate green tea cathechins, orinthine decarboxylase
Prostate Cancer and Green Tea (2000) Using athymic nude mice implanted with androgen sensitive or androgen insensitive human prostate tumor xenografts as a model, Dr. Mukhtar sought to determine whether (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, from green tea, can inhibit tumor cell growth, induce apoptosis and arrest the tumor cell cycle in the G0-G1 phase of growth. Ohio Ohio Hasan Mukhtar, PhD Prostate (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, green tea
Prostaglandin E Receptors and Intracellular Calcium Signaling in Intestinal Tumorigenesis (2002) Dr. Whelan tested the hypothesis that a form of prostaglandin is involved in intestinal tumorigenesis through its effects on cellular calcium. Tennessee Tennessee Jay Whelan, PhD Colon/Rectum prostaglandins, cellular calcium
Promotion of Apoptosis by Vitamin D3 and the Vitamin D3 Analog EB 1089 in Irradiated Breast Tumor Cells (1999) Dr. Gewirtz investigated how vitamin D, or analogs which are less hypercalcemic, can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells, what cell signaling or regulatory factors are involved, and whether vitamin D compounds can sensitize radioresistant breast cancer cells to radiation treatment. Virginia Virginia David A Gewirtz, PhD Breast vitamin D3, apoptosis, radiation treatment
Prevention of Tamoxifen Resistance by Green Tea Polyphenols (2009) Dr. Aiyer studied polyphenols found in green tea to determine if they can help prevent the resistance to tamoxifen that many breast cancer patients experience. District of Columbia District of Columbia Harini Aiyer, PhD Breast green tea polyphenols, tamoxifen resistance
Prevention of Skin and Lung Cancer by Ellagic and Tannic Acids: Mechanistic Studies (1986) Dr. Mukhtar studied how two compounds found in plant foods might prevent the development of skin and lung cancer. Ohio Ohio Hasan Mukhtar, PhD Lung, Skin ellagic acid, tannic acid, lung cancer Blueberries
Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Garlic Compounds: Novel Nutritional Strategies (2003) New York New York Richard S Rivlin, MD Other
Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Garlic Compounds: Novel Nutritional Strategies (2003) New York New York Richard S Rivlin, MD Other
Prevention of Metastatic Breast Cancer Using a Novel Vitamin E Analog (2007) Previous studies have found that alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (a-TEA) has the ability to selectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and suppress tumour growth in pre-clinical animal models. The goal of this study was to employ Va-TEA, a more water-soluble and versatile version of a-TEA, in combination with an immune cell known as the dendritic cell (DC) to destroy metastatic breast cancer and to establish immunity. Arizona Arizona Emmanuel T Akporiaye, PhD Breast alpha-tocopherylixyacetic acid (a-TEA), dendritic cell, metastasis
Prevention of Malignant Phenotype Generation by Diet-administered Retinoids (1987) Dr. Taylor investigated whether vitamin A-like compounds could prevent the development of cachexia and the weakening of the immune system in cancer patients, a condition which appears to be caused by their tumors releasing certain metabolic inhibitors into general circulation which are then distributed to healthy tissues. These studies indicated that retinoic acid prevents alterations in fat and protein metabolism, decreases immune functions and cancer, as well as diminishes the growth of tumors and formation of metastases. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Douglas D Taylor, PhD Prostate cachexia, retinoic acid, fat and protein metabolism Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Prevention of Estradiol-Induced Tumors by Vitamin C (1985) Dr. Liehr studied in hamsters how vitamin C prevents the development of kidney tumors caused by administration of estrogens. Texas Texas Joachim G Liehr, PhD Kidney estrogen Cranberries
Prevention of Esophageal Neoplasms by Novel Organosulfur Compounds in Alliums (1992) Dr. Wargovich investigated how sulfur-containing compounds (s-allylcysteine and diallyl sulfide) from garlic, onions, and related allium vegetables, might inhibit the initiation stage of chemically-induced cancer of the esophagus. Texas Texas Michael J Wargovich, PhD Esophagus diallyl sulfide, s-allylcysteine, garlic, onions Squash
Prevention of Esophageal Cancer by Novel Organosulfur Compounds in Alliums (1989) Dr. Wargovich investigated how sulfur-containing compounds (diallyl sulfide and s-allylcysteine) found in garlic, onions and related vegetables inhibit different stages in the development of cancer of the esophagus. Texas Texas Michael J Wargovich, PhD Esophagus diallyl sulfide, s-allylcysteine, garlic, onions Squash
Prevention of Cancer with Selenium in the PRC (1984) Dr. Clark investigated the feasibility of using salt fortified with selenium to improve the selenium status of a population at high risk of cancer in the People�s Republic of China. He and his Chinese colleagues conducted a pilot study to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of using a high-selenium brewers yeast in a population of Hepatitis B carriers who were at an extremely high risk of primary liver cancer. New York New York Larry C Clark, PhD Liver China, salt, selenium, Hepatitis B
Prevention of Breast Cancer by Retinoids (1994) Dr. Ip investigated the mechanisms by which retinoids exert their beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment. She sought to determine what effects retinoids have on various nuclear receptors in mammary epithelial cells (MEC). These studies should result in a better understanding of chemopreventive actions of retinoids and result in optimizing the use of dietary retinoids for prevention of breast cancer. New York New York Margot M Ip, PhD Breast retinoids, nuclear receptors, mammary epithelial cells
Prepubertal Soy Diet and Breast Cancer Risk: Role of Estrogen Receptors and Tumor Suppressor Genes (2002) Dr. Hilakivi-Clark examined the inhibitory effect of either prepubertal dietary soy or of prepubertal estradiol injection on carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in rats and mice, based on the hypothesis that up regulation of estrogen receptor beta and of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 are involved in the effect. District of Columbia District of Columbia Leena A Hilakivi-Clarke, PhD Breast soy, estradiol, prepuberty, estrogen
Predictors of Mammographic Breast Density and Validation of Dietary Intake in a Cohort of Mexican Women (2010) This prospective study among Mexican women is evaluating the associations between mammographic breast density � a predictor of breast cancer � and specific factors, including diet, physical activity, biomarkers of obesity, biomarkers of nutritional status, circulating estradiol, and growth factors. The goal to identify the risk factors of mammographic breast density will allow early preventive measures of breast cancer for Mexican women living in Mexico and in the United States. France France Isabelle Romieu, MD, MPH, ScD Breast mammographic breast density, diet, physical activity, nutritional biomarkers, insulin growth factors, Mexican women
Preclinical Evaluation of the Anti-leukemia Effects of Plant-derived Monoterpenes (2003) Dr. Clark tested the in vivo anti-leukemia properties of terpenes in a murine model of Bcr/Abl leukemia, and further evaluated in vivo properties of terpenes. Wisconsin Wisconsin Steven S Clark, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph terpenes, leukemia
Preclinical Evaluation of the Ability of Monoterpenes to Treat Ph+ Leukemia (1998) Dr. Clark evaluated the antileukemic action of perillyl alcohol, a hydroxylated monoterpene found in plants, in inducing growth arrest and apoptosis in transformed cells carrying the Philadelphia chromosome, and sought to determine the effects of other monoterpenes on leukemias with the Philadelphia chromosome. Wisconsin Wisconsin Steven S Clark, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph perillyl alcohol, apoptosis, Philadelphia chromosone, leukemia Cherries
Potential Role of Prostaglandins in Tumor-induced Anorexia (1989) Dr. McCarthy explored the possibility that the loss of appetite and drop in body weight frequently experienced by cancer patients may be caused by a group of substances called prostaglandins in the body. Wisconsin Wisconsin Donna O McCarthy-Beckett, PhD Other prostaglandins
Plasma Free Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Regulation of Tumor Growth In Vivo (1990) Dr. Sauer investigated how the growth of tumors is regulated by two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). He studied how omega-6 PUFAs (in corn and safflower oils) increase liver tumor development and how omega-3 PUFAs (in fish and linseed oils) inhibit liver tumor development. New York New York Leonard A Sauer, MD, PhD Liver omega-3, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, corn and safflower oil, fish and linseed oil
Plant Anti-oxidant Combinations in Leukemia: A Cell-based Model for Cancer Prevention (2010) This cell study is investigating if combinations of the plant antioxidants curcumin, carnosic acid, and silibinin have the potential for preventing acute myeloid leukemia, and seeks to determine the mechanism of the concerted anti-leukemic action of these combinations. New Jersey New Jersey United States George 0 Studzinski, M.D., Ph.D. Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia prevention, curcumin, botanical antioxidants, DNA damage, cell cycle inhibitors
Plant Anti-oxidant Combinations in Leukemia: A Cell-based Model for Cancer Prevention (2010) This cell study is investigating if combinations of the plant antioxidants curcumin, carnosic acid, and silibinin have the potential for preventing acute myeloid leukemia, and seeks to determine the mechanism of the concerted anti-leukemic action of these combinations. New Jersey New Jersey George Studzinski, MD, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia prevention, curcumin, botanical antioxidants, DNA damage, cell cycle inhibitors
Plant Anti-oxidant Combinations in Leukemia: A Cell-based Model for Cancer Prevention (2010) This cell study is investigating if combinations of the plant antioxidants curcumin, carnosic acid, and silibinin have the potential for preventing acute myeloid leukemia, and seeks to determine the mechanism of the concerted anti-leukemic action of these combinations. New Jersey New Jersey George Studzinski, MD, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia prevention, curcumin, botanical antioxidants, DNA damage, cell cycle inhibitors
Plant Anti-oxidant Combinations in Leukemia: A Cell-based Model for Cancer Prevention (2010) This cell study is investigating if combinations of the plant antioxidants curcumin, carnosic acid, and silibinin have the potential for preventing acute myeloid leukemia, and seeks to determine the mechanism of the concerted anti-leukemic action of these combinations. New Jersey New Jersey George Studzinski, MD, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia prevention, curcumin, botanical antioxidants, DNA damage, cell cycle inhibitors
Phytoestrogen-induced Nongenomic Signaling and its Functional Consequences in Pituitary Cancer (2006) This study determined how phytoestrogens act on nongenomic pathways to activate MAP kinases, alter calcium levels and release prolactin to inhibit the development of pituitary tumors in rats. Texas Texas Cheryl S Watson, PhD Nervous System phytoestrogen, MAP kinase, calcium, prolactin, pituitary tumors
Phytate Promotes Apoptosis in Coloncytes via Inhibition of the PI 3 Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway (1998) Dr. Turner studied whether phytate, a component of high fiber diets, decreases colon cancer in animal models by enhancing programmed cell death through inhibition of certain enzymes involved in the process of carcinogenesis. Texas Texas Nancy D Turner, PhD, CNS Colon/Rectum phytate, PI 3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway, apoptosis Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Pharmocodynamic Effects of Perillyl Alcohol in Humans (1997) Dr. Hohl examined the role of perillyl alcohol, a metabolite of limonene, in decreasing the expression of Ras protein in patients in a clinical trial, presumably through inhibition of farnesyl- and geranylgeranyl protein transferases. Iowa Iowa Raymond J Hohl, MD, PhD Other perillyl alcohol, limonene, Ras protein, clinical trial Cherries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Grapefruit
Paddlefish as Anticarcinogenic Food (1989) Dr. Wong sought to determine whether the large freshwater paddlefish contains certain fats which can slow down or prevent the growth of tumors and whether certain substances in its cartilage can deprive tumors of their blood supply. Kentucky Kentucky John L Wong, PhD Other paddlefish
Oxidative DNA Damage and Breast Cancer Risk (1991) Dr. Djuric studied how fat can be converted in the body to products that can damage DNA and how this damage to DNA might be used to diagnose breast cancer or detect people at increased risk for developing breast cancer. Michigan Michigan Zora Djuric, PhD Breast fat, DNA damage
ody Size at Young Ages and Novel Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Ris (2012) Dr. Baer is looking at data from girls to see whether body fatness in childhood and adolescence has effects on breast density or on levels of an ovarian hormone called MIS (Mullerian inhibiting substance) later in life, during young adulthood. Massachusetts Massachusetts Heather Baer, SD Breast
Obesity-Related Risk Factors in Prostate Cancer (1986) Dr. Neugut explored how obesity, diet, and hormone levels affect the risk of developing prostate cancer for Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic men in New York City. New York New York Alfred I Neugut, MD, PhD Prostate obesity, hormone levels, Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics
Obesity-induced IGF-1 Coordinately Upregulates COX-2 and Downregulates Tumor Suppressive PGDH Resulting in Enhanced Pancreatic Cancer Growth (2010) This study is examining the hypothesis that the increased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) caused by obesity alter the levels of several hormones and growth factors. The substances then lead to chronic inflammation, which may contribute to pancreatic cancer development. The study will treat specialized pancreatic cancer cells with IGF-1 and examine the levels of several substances in the pancreas of lean, overweight and obese mice and in mice that lack circulating IGF-1. Texas Texas Susan Fischer, PhD Pancreas Obesity, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, COX-2, PGDH, prostaglandin, IGF-1
Obesity-induced IGF-1 Coordinately Upregulates COX-2 and Downregulates Tumor Suppressive PGDH Resulting in Enhanced Pancreatic Cancer Growth (2010) This study is examining the hypothesis that the increased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) caused by obesity alter the levels of several hormones and growth factors. The substances then lead to chronic inflammation, which may contribute to pancreatic cancer development. The study will treat specialized pancreatic cancer cells with IGF-1 and examine the levels of several substances in the pancreas of lean, overweight and obese mice and in mice that lack circulating IGF-1. Texas Texas United States Susan 0 Fischer, Ph.D. Pancreas Obesity, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, COX-2, PGDH, prostaglandin, IGF-1
Obesity-induced IGF-1 Coordinately Upregulates COX-2 and Downregulates Tumor Suppressive PGDH Resulting in Enhanced Pancreatic Cancer Growth (2010) This study is examining the hypothesis that the increased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) caused by obesity alter the levels of several hormones and growth factors. The substances then lead to chronic inflammation, which may contribute to pancreatic cancer development. The study will treat specialized pancreatic cancer cells with IGF-1 and examine the levels of several substances in the pancreas of lean, overweight and obese mice and in mice that lack circulating IGF-1. Texas Texas Susan Fischer, PhD Pancreas Obesity, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, COX-2, PGDH, prostaglandin, IGF-1
Obesity-induced IGF-1 Coordinately Upregulates COX-2 and Downregulates Tumor Suppressive PGDH Resulting in Enhanced Pancreatic Cancer Growth (2010) This study is examining the hypothesis that the increased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) caused by obesity alter the levels of several hormones and growth factors. The substances then lead to chronic inflammation, which may contribute to pancreatic cancer development. The study will treat specialized pancreatic cancer cells with IGF-1 and examine the levels of several substances in the pancreas of lean, overweight and obese mice and in mice that lack circulating IGF-1. Texas Texas Susan Fischer, PhD Pancreas Obesity, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, COX-2, PGDH, prostaglandin, IGF-1
Obesity, Energy Balance and Breast Cancer: the Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (2008) This study examined the role of the IGF-1/Akt/mTOR pathway in breast cancer by following the impact of changes in dietary energy balance on tumor development and metastases, and investigated whether pharmacologically-induced alterations of this pathway reduce obesity-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Texas Texas Stephen D Hursting, PhD, MPH Breast obesity, dietary energy balance, metastases
Nutritional Support in the Chemotherapy of Young Breast Cancer Patients (1983) Dr. Wilmore studied, in young breast cancer patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy and bone marrow infusions, how intravenous nutritional feeding affects the functioning of the kidneys, lungs, heart, blood system, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, in the hope that specific nutritional benefits could be identified and pursued. Massachusetts Massachusetts Douglas W Wilmore, MD Breast chemotherapy, intravenous nutritional feeding
Nutritional Probing of Cachectic Factors, Metabolic Alterations, and Enhanced Energy Expenditure in Lung Cancer (1986) Dr. DiGirolamo explored the possibility that cancer cachexia may result from the excessive breakdown of fat stores throughout the body, caused by hormones or other substances released by the tumor. Georgia Georgia Mario DiGirolamo, MD Lung fat, hormones
Nutritional Probing of Cachectic Factors and of Metabolic and Bio-energetic Alterations in Lung Cancer (1988) Dr. DiGirolamo explored metabolic derangements underlying cancer cachexia in lung cancer patients. The possible mechanisms by which hormones and other substances released by the tumor or the host might induce the metabolic changes and lead to excessive weight loss were studied. Georgia Georgia Mario DiGirolamo, MD Lung hormones, metabolic changes
Nutritional Modulation of Cancer Progression (1985) Dr. Meadows, followed up his previous research results that restricting the amount of two amino acids in the diet can reduce the spread of cancer cells throughout the body, by trying to determine whether it is a deficiency of those amino acids or a loss in body weight that is affecting the cancer and if the effect persists throughout the treatment. Washington Washington Gary G Meadows, PhD Skin amino acid deficiency, weight loss
Nutritional Modulation of Apoptosis and Chemosensitivity: A Novel Anticancer Strategy (1996) Dr. James utilized caloric restriction in combination with low doses of etoposide (chemotherapeutic drug) followed by feeding as an experimental anticancer strategy to increase the sensitivity of mammary tumors to apoptosis and thus provide nutritional/ chemotherapeutic regimen to achieve higher levels of cancer cell killing in a rat model of chemically induced mammary cancer. Arkansas Arkansas S. Jill James, PhD Breast etoposide, caloric restriction
Nutritional Determinants of Breast Cancer (1993) Dr. Romieu studied the association between increased consumption of alcohol and fat, through meat and dairy products, with the increased risk for breast cancer in Mexican women. She also examined the effects of a high consumption of vitamins A, C, and E decreasing breast cancer risk. Dr. Romieu sought to identify avoidable risk factors and determine protective effects of various foods and nutrients. Mexico Mexico Isabelle Romieu, MD, MPH, ScD Breast high-fat diet, high-alcohol diet, vitamin C, vitamin E Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Grapefruit, Squash
Nutritional Determinants of Breast Cancer (1990) Dr. Romieu sought to identify in patients the components of their diets that appear to be responsible for the occurrence of their breast cancer. She looked specifically for possible correlations between the dietary intake of high fat and high alcohol and increased risk for breast cancer as well as the dietary intake of high vitamin A, C, or E and reduced risk for breast cancer. Mexico Mexico Isabelle Romieu, MD, MPH, ScD Breast high-fat diet, high-alcohol diet, vitamin C, vitamin E Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Grapefruit, Squash
Nutritional Antioxidants in Radiation-Induced Lung Injury (2003) This proposal determined whether oxidative tissue damage is central in lung injury during radiation and whether treatment with dietary antioxidants and food supplements that augment endogenous antioxidant enzymes inhibits or ameliorates short-term and/or long-term normal tissue damage in the lung. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou, PhD Other food supplements, oxidative tissue damage
Nutrition, Fatty Acids, Antioxidants, Genotoxicity and Cancer (1995) Dr. Box examined how damage, caused by oxidized dietary fatty acids, to the genetic material of the cell plays a role in the processes leading to cancer, and how tocopherol (vitamin E) can prevent this damage. New York New York Harold C Box, PhD Other fatty acids, tocopherol
Nutrition and Breast Cancer in Iceland (1983) Dr. Day examined health records in Iceland, some dating back to 1910, to determine how changes in body weight, body fat and other physical and biochemical characteristics are related to the risk of developing breast cancer. France France Nicholas E Day, PhD Breast Iceland, body fat
Nuclear Retinoid Receptors Are Effective Tumor Suppressor Genes (1993) On the basis of new evidence that genes have receptors for retinoic acid (vitamin A) and that these receptors appear to regulate translation of various cell growth codes, Dr. Peacocke has demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR?), a specific receptor, plays a role in suppressing tumor growth. She sought to confirm her hypothesis that vitamin A, and specifically RAR?, may prevent and treat certain cancers by suppressing tumor genes. Massachusetts Massachusetts Monica Peacocke, MD Skin retinoic acid receptor beta
Non-invasive Detection of Colonic Cellular Markers: Modulation by Diet and Carcinogen (1993) In a previously funded AICR study, the investigator found a positive correlation between membrane protein kinase C and cell proliferation. In this study Dr. Lupton investigated the prognostic value of cell proliferation and protein kinase C in tumors. She sought to determine if intermediate markers, isolated cells from fecal material, can predict the neoplastic process. The markers tested included: protein kinase C, indicating malignant transformation, and p53 oncogene, which appears to regulate entry into and progression through the cell. Texas Texas Joanne R Lupton, PhD Colon/Rectum protein kinase C Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Neuropeptide Y and Cancer Anorexia (1991) Dr. Chance investigated whether injections of neuropeptide Y (NPY), might increase the appetite of patients that experience cancer anorexia, loss of appetite. NPY is a unique protein that stimulates appetite and that is at low levels in the blood and brain of animals with tumors. Ohio Ohio William T Chance, PhD Other neuropeptide Y
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule and Retinoic Acid Receptor Expression in Brain Tumors: Their Potential Roles in Metastasis and Adoptive Immunotherapy (1993) Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression may be regulated by retinoic acid causing increased intercellular adhesion and a decreased ability for tumors to infiltrate the brain thereby decreasing potential metastatic tumors. Dr. Kruse examined the potential role of NCAMs in immunotherapy for astrocytomas and glioblastomas, two types of brain tumors. Colorado Colorado Carol A Kruse, PhD Nervous System NCAM expression, retinoic acid
N-Nitroso Compounds and Alkylating Agents from Nitrosated Amino Acids, Gastric Juice and Foods (1994) Dr. Mirvish sought to elucidate whether nitrosation of free amino acids in the stomach results in products that are capable of binding DNA. Potentially, these adducts initiate carcinogenesis and may result in gastric cancer. Animal and human studies were carried out to determine if nitroso compounds in the gastric juice are a result of feeding nitrates. Selected foods, including hot dogs and salted dried fish, were analyzed for compounds that could yield carcinogenic nitroso compounds. Nebraska Nebraska Sidney S Mirvish, PhD Stomach nitrosation, hot dogs, salted dried fish
MYB in Retinoic Acid and Vitamin D3 Induced Hemapoietic Differentiation (1995) Based on his earlier work, Dr. Westin studied how derivatives of vitamins A and D can modulate the growth of normal white blood and human leukemic cells in culture and lead to ordered differentiation, mediated by changes in the c-myb gene. Virginia Virginia Eric H Westin, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia, vitamin A, vitamin D
Mutators and Folate Deficiency in Colon Cancer (1996) In order to provide nutritional guidelines for people with a genetic predisposition to colon cancer, Dr. Sedwick investigated the effects of folate deficiency on cell cytotoxicity in colon tumor cell lines. Ohio Ohio W. David Sedwick, PhD Colon/Rectum folate deficiency, cell cytotoxicity Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Multiple Factor Analysis of Dietary and Socioeconomic Factors and Cancer (1994) Dr. Campbell used a collection of data gathered over a ten year period in China covering 85 survey counties to analyze past and present dietary practices, biochemical indices and socioeconomic status and their relationship to chronic diseases and particularly to cancer. New York New York T. Colin Campbell, PhD Breast, Colon/Rectum, Esophagus, Liver, Lung, Nasopharynx, Stomach China, dietary practices, biochemical indices, socioeconomic status, chronic disease
Mucin Depleted Foci (MDF) as New Biomarkers in Colon Carcinogenesis (2005) This study examined mucin depleted foci (MDF) in the colonic mucosa of carcinogen (AOM) treated rats and determined whether MDF are direct precursors of colon tumors. Italy Italy Giovanna Caderni, DSc Colon/Rectum mucin depleted foci
Molecular Mechanisms of Human CYP1A Gene Regulation by Bioflavonoids (1999) Dr. Quattrochi studied the mechanism by which extracts of green tea inhibit the induction of oxidizing enzymes, namely CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, by the environmental contaminant dioxin. Colorado Colorado Linda C Quattrochi, PhD Other green tea, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, dioxin Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Suppressive Effects of Garlic Derivatives on Cell Growth and Motility in Prostate Cancer Cells (2005) This study focused on two derivatives of garlic, S-allylcysteine and S-allylmercaptocysteine, that are thought to suppress the motility and decrease survival of prostate cancer cells, mediated through Rho-CTPase and E-cadherin pathways. China China Xianghong Wang, PhD Prostate garlic, s-allylcysteine, s-allylmercaptocysteine
Molecular Analysis of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) Signaling Events in Prostate Cancer Cells (2000) Dr. Chinni investigated the molecular mechanisms by which indole-3-carbinol from cruciferous vegetables can suppress the growth of prostate cancer cells in culture and eventually eliminate the tumor cells. Michigan Michigan Sreenivasa Chinni, PhD Prostate indole-3-carbinol, cruciferous vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Modulation of Protein Kinase C Isozymes During Vitamin D Mediated Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells (1995) Dr. Narvaez sought to examine the role of protein kinase C isozymes in vitamin D induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. This postdoctoral study may provide insight into the mechanisms of vitamin D in breast cancer and may lead to novel combination therapies with increased efficacy for breast cancer treatment. New York New York Carmen J Narvaez, PhD Breast protein kinase C
Modulation of Protein Kinase C by Lipids (1993) Dr. Locniskar continued studying linoleic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and the role it seems to play in protein kinase C activation and distribution, that is essential for normal cell communication. She has shown that diets high in linoleic acid have decreased chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis when fed in the promotion stage. Texas Texas Mary F Locniskar, PhD Skin linoleic acide, omega-6, protein kinase C
Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferation and Hepatocarcinogenesis by Dietary Conjugated Linoleate (1996) Dr. Belury examined the mechanism by which conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), present in certain dietary components, particularly cooked meats and cheeses, can have a preventive action against chemical carcinogenesis. Indiana Indiana Martha A Belury, PhD Liver conjugated dienoic linoleate (CLA), meat, cheese
Modulation of Oxidative DNA in Rats by Diet (1993) Dr. Djuric examined the effects of caloric restriction and fat intake on the DNA of cells. Animals were fed differing levels of fat calories and their DNA damage to both the tissue and the blood was analyzed to correlate changes in the mammary gland and future risk of breast cancer. This was a collaborative study supported by AICR and the Food and Drug Administration�s National Center for Toxicological Research. Michigan Michigan Zora Djuric, PhD Breast Caloric restriction, fat, DNA damage
Modulation of Metastasis by Dietary Fat (1987) Dr. Boylan investigated how the amount and type of fat in the diet affects the spread of breast cancer to the lungs. New York New York Elizabeth S Boylan, PhD Breast metastasis, lungs
Modulation of Fatty Acylation of Src Family Kinases by Dietary Fat (2000) Dr. Resh studied whether certain oncoproteins, the SRC-related kinases, can be acylated by other fatty acids besides palmitate, and whether dietary intake of specific fatty acids modifies the pattern of acylation and of possible malignant transformation. New York New York Marilyn D Resh, PhD Breast oncoproteins, acylation, Src kinases Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Modulation of Fatty Acylation of Src Family Kinases by Dietarty Fat (2002) Dr. Resh investigated how different types of fatty acids perform in the N- and S-acylation of kinases of the Src family, which are involved in cell transformation. Acylation leads to binding to cell membranes, thus facilitating the capability of the Src kinases to lead to cancer. New York New York Marilyn D Resh, PhD Breast acylation, Src kinases
Modulation of Estrogen Metabolism in Human Mammary Cells by Dietary Chemicals (2001) Dr. Zhu�s studied the ability of chemopreventive dietary constituents to modulate estrogen metabolism through alteration of Phase I and Phase II enzymes leading to 2-OH and 4-OH derivatives of estrogen. South Carolina South Carolina Bao Ting Zhu, PhD Breast estrogen metabolism, enzymes, 2-OH, 4-OH
Modulation of Colon Cancer Phenotype by Short Chain Fatty Acids (1994) Dr. Basson studied the effect of butyrate and other short chain fatty acids that are produced by bacteria from dietary fiber on the growth and differentiation of human colon cancer cells. Dr. Basson will demonstrate whether butyrate alone will interfere with malignant transformation and whether it is selectively more potent than other short chain fatty acids in protecting against colon cancer. Connecticut Connecticut Marc D Basson, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate, short chain fatty acids Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Modulation of Carcinogenesis by Dietary Fats and Antioxidants (1983) Dr. Carubelli studied how the presence of different and varying levels of fat in the diet, together with the antioxidant food additive BHT, can alter the functioning of certain enzymes which surround the nucleus of liver cells and which may be important for the inactivation of carcinogens. Oklahoma Oklahoma Raoul Carubelli, PhD Liver BHT, carcinogens
Modulation of Anticarcinogenic Activities of Vegetables by Thermal Processing (1994) Dr. Talalay investigated the effects of common cooking methods on potent detoxification enzyme inducers, such as sulforaphane, in various cruciferous vegetables. These enzymes in turn play an important role in detoxifying chemical carcinogens and blocking tumor formation. Dr. Talalay sought to determine the potencies of vegetable extracts for their induction capabilities and the effect of various methods of heating on their potency. Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Other sulforaphane, cooking methods Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Modulation by Dietary Fat of Human Breast Carcinoma Growth: A Phenomenon of Altered Cell Proliferation or Altered Cell Loss? (1990) Dr. Welsch sought to determine whether the varied effects on tumor growth caused by different amounts and types of fats (from corn oil, beef tallow, or fish oil) in the diet are due to changes in the rate of cell division or the rate of cell death. Michigan Michigan Clifford W Welsch, PhD Breast corn oil, beef tallow, fish oil
Modification of Tumor Initiation by High Fat Diets (1990) Dr. Lawson investigated the mechanisms by which high dietary fat might be involved with the initiation of tumors. He studied how low-and high-fat diets alter enzymes that convert nitrosamines to agents that cause cancer in the pancreas. Nebraska Nebraska Terence A Lawson, PhD Pancreas low-fat diet, high-fat diet, enzymes, nitrosamines
Modification of Mutagen Sensitivity by Dietary and Chemopreventive Factors in Head and Neck Cancer in Vitro (1991) Dr. Trizna sought to determine if dietary factors including vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, or cysteine, might prevent damage to DNA, the genetic material, and thereby lower the inherited tendency for developing cancers of the head and the neck. Texas Texas Zoltan Trizna, MD Head and Neck vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, cysteine, DNA damage Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Grapefruit, Squash
Mode of Action of Dietary Fat in UV-Carcinogenesis (1996) Dr. Black continued his investigations on the role of various types and levels of dietary lipids on the immune system of mice with ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin cancer in an attempt to develop immunopreventive therapies against these cancers. Texas Texas Homer S Black, PhD Skin dietary lipids, UV radiation
Mixtures of Foods with Enhanced Cancer Prevention Activity (2007) Based on tissue engineering of skin, a collagen-fibroblast-endothelial cell pseudo-mesenchyme with an epithelial cell surface was created. The goal of this study was to establish and validate an engineered �pseudo-tissue� culture system to more accurately and effciently test optimal dosage combinations of dietary chemo-prevention agents. Ohio Ohio John F Lechner, PhD Skin pseudo-tissue
Methyl-Groups, Diacylglycerol and Hepatocarcinoma (1992) Dr. Zeisel sought to elucidate the role of protein kinase C in carcinogenesis in rats fed diets deficient in choline, a source of methyl groups. This causes accumulation of diacylglycerol in the liver and increased susceptibility to liver cancer. North Carolina North Carolina Steven H Zeisel, MD, PhD Liver choline deficiency, 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol, protein kinase C
Metabolism of Methyl Groups and Cancer (1986) Diets deficient in methyl groups have been shown to be carcinogenic. Dr. Wagner studied if the activity of an enzyme in the liver is altered when the animals are fed methyl-deficient diets and, if so, is it related to the process of liver cancer. Tennessee Tennessee Conrad Wagner, PhD Liver methyl groups, methyl deficiency
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of IP6 In Vivo (1998) Dr. Vucenik performed detailed pharmacokinetic studies of orally and intravenously administered inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) in both normal and tumor bearing mice, in order to introduce this chemopreventive agent from dietary fiber into clinical trials. Maryland Maryland Ivana Vucenik, PhD Multiple Sites phytic acid Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Metabolic, Dietary and Environmental Factors in Head and Neck Cancer (1993) Dr. Trizna studied the ability of the body to metabolize carcinogens, both ingested and inhaled, and their effects on the tumors and surrounding tissues of the head and neck. He investigated the effects of dietary intake of antioxidants on metabolism in the head and neck by examining various markers including the relative activity rates of several detoxifying enzymes and levels of blood lymphocytes in this area of the body. Texas Texas Zoltan Trizna, MD Head and Neck metabolism, detoxifying enzymes, lymphocytes Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Metabolic Profiling of Plants for Health (2008) This study proposed that metabolic profling of phytochemicals may be useful for assessment of how fruits and vegetables are benefcial to overall health and disease prevention. The rationale is that if particular compounds found in the metabolic fingerprint of dry bean are not found in plasma, the probability that they are related to health benefits is reduced. The goal of the work was to determine what chemicals in dry beans account for the differential anticancer effects seen in experimentally-induced breast cancer. Colorado Colorado Meghan M Mensack, PhD Breast phytochemicals, dry beans, plasma Squash, Cherries
Metabolic Processes Behind Cancer Cachexia: Is Insulin Resistance A Factor? (1992) Dr. Tayek sought to determine whether the increase in growth hormone levels observed in head and neck cancer patients might be responsible for their increased glucose levels, increased insulin resistance, and altered glucose metabolism, in an effort to improve the nutritional status of these patients. California California John A Tayek, MD Head and Neck glucose, insulin
Metabolic Processes Behind Cancer Cachexia: Is Insulin Resistance a Factor? (1989) Dr. Tayek investigated how glucose metabolism and insulin response are changed in patients with head and neck cancer so that diets can be designed to improve the nutritional state and prevent excessive weight loss in these cancer patients. California California John A Tayek, MD Head and Neck glucose, insulin
Metabolic Inflexibility: a Potential Link between Obesity and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer (2009) Dr. Giles studied how weight gain that coincides with menopause increases risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. Colorado Colorado Erin Giles, PhD Breast Obesity, postmenopausal breast cancer, energy metabolism
Metabolic Alterations in Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer (1988) Dr. Klein studied whether the excessive loss of weight experienced by many cancer patients may be due to an abnormality in metabolism which wastes the energy from food instead of using it to build and repair body tissues. Texas Texas Samuel Klein, MD Head and Neck metabolism, energy
Mechanistic Examination of Walnuts in Prevention of Breast Cancer (2007) Dr. Vanden Heuvel studied if walnut extract decreases the risk of breast cancer by affecting the function of tumor cells and fat cells and by modulating how they communicate with each other. This cell-cell communication between adipocytes and cancer cells is potentially a key step by which diet can modulate the cancer process. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania John P Vanden Heuvel, PhD Breast Walnuts
Mechanisms Underlying Induction of Apoptosis During Tyrosine and Phenylalanine Deficiency (2001) Dr. Meadows studied the mechanisms by which restriction of two dietary amino acids blocked the growth of melanoma cells, affected other cellular functions, and eventually led to death of the melanoma cells. Washington Washington Gary G Meadows, PhD Skin amino acid deficiency, tyrosine, phenylalanine
Mechanisms of Retinoid Regulation of Anti-Apoptotic Proteins Survivin and Bcl-2 (2004) These investigations focused on the mechanisms by which the vitamin A derivative, retinoic acid, inhibits the expression of two anti-apoptotic proteins in human estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines and thereby promotes apoptosis of the cells. It also examined whether downregulation of expression of the respective genes by retinoic acid improves the cytotoxicity of several chemotherapeutic agents. Canada Canada M.A. Christine Pratt, PhD Breast retinoic acid, Bcl-2 gene, estrogen, apoptosis
Mechanisms of Resveratrol-induced Apoptosis and Its Role in Chemoprevention of Cancer (1999) Dr. Dong studied whether resveratrol, a cancer chemopreventive agent present in grapes and peanuts, induces apoptosis in tumor cells through a p53-dependent pathway or through a route dependent on activation of certain protein kinases. Minnesota Minnesota Zigang Dong, PhD, MD Other resveratrol, apoptosis Blueberries
Mechanisms of Regulation of Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Nuclear Vitamin A Receptors (1993) Retinoids have been shown to inhibit transcription of an estrogen-responsive gene in breast cancer cells. Dr. Pratt examined the mechanisms by which this process occurs. Canada Canada M.A. Christine Pratt, PhD Breast estrogen
Mechanisms of Lung Tumor Prophylaxis by BHT (1986) Dr. Malkinson studied why BHT, an antioxidant used as a food additive, stimulates lung cancer in one strain of mice but inhibits lung cancer in another strain. The strain of mice in which BHT protects against lung cancer also appears to be the only strain in which a low activity of an enzyme (called Protein Kinase C) is found. Colorado Colorado Alvin M Malkinson, PhD Lung protein kinase C, BHT
Mechanisms of Flavonoids as Chemoprotective Agents (2001) Dr. Gasiewicz attempted to elucidate the mechanisms by which bioflavonoids act to prevent chemical carcinogenesis. New York New York Thomas A Gasiewicz, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph bioflavonoids
Mechanisms of Chemoprevention of Skin Tumors by Dietary Fatty Acids (2001) Dr. Thuillier investigated whether transcription factors known as PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) and certain fatty acids can inhibit carcinogen-induced tumors in mice. Texas Texas Philippe Thuillier, PhD Skin PPARs, carcinogens
Mechanisms of Cachexia in Cancer Patients (1987) Dr. Torti explored how a hormone-like substance called tumor necrosis factor can affect the genes of fat cells and lead to the development of cachexia in cancer patients. California California Frank M Torti, MD Other tumor necrosis factor
Mechanisms of c-myc Oncogene Regulation by Retinoic Acid Receptors (1992) Dr. Chou studied how retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, regulates the expression of the c-myc oncogene, causing inhibition of cancer cell growth in leukemia and other cancers. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robin H Chou, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph c-myc oncogene, leukemia
Mechanisms of Anticarcinogenic Componentsfrom Cruciferous Vegetables (2000) Dr. Talalay conducted clinical studies on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, derived from young sprouts of crucifers, to elucidate their mechanisms of action in the human body. Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Other pharmacokinetics, metabolism of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, cruciferous vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Mechanisms of Anticarcinogenesis by Dietary Dithiothiones (1984) Dr. Kensler studied how the addition to the diet of dithiothiones, compounds found in cruciferous vegetables, may interfere with the development of liver cancer in rats. Maryland Maryland Thomas W Kensler, PhD Liver dithiothiones, cruciferous vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Mechanisms of Anti-inflammatory Breast Cancer Action of Reishi Mushroom (2008) This study tested the hypothesis that extracts of the medicinal mushroom Reishi inhibit infammatory breast disease in a mouse model by affecting genes that contribute to cancer cell survival, invasion, metastasis and tumor progression. Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Michelle M Martinez, PhD Breast Reishi mushroom, inflammatory breast disease, metastasis
Mechanisms By Which Dietary Carcinogens Induce and Dietary Favonoids Inhibit Programed Cell Death By Lymphocytes (1992) Dr. Sherr examined how dietary flavonoids decrease suppression of the immune response, and in particular the B cell development, induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Massachusetts Massachusetts David H Sherr, PhD Other dietary flavonoid, apigenin
Mechanism Underlying Induction of Apoptosis During Tyrosine and Phenylalanine Deficiency (1998) The objective of Dr. Meadow�s research was to elucidate the mechanism by which restricting certain dietary amino acids suppresses the growth and metastasis of melanoma and other tumors in an animal model. Washington Washington Gary G Meadows, PhD Skin amino acid deficiency, tyrosine, phenylalanine
Mechanism of Weight Cycling-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Rat Mammary Gland (1998) Dr. Jen investigated the effects of cyclic weight loss and weight gain on the effect of a mammary carcinogen in rats given the carcinogen plus either a high or a low fat diet. Michigan Michigan Catherine Jen, PhD Breast cyclic weight loss and weight gain, high fat diet, low fat diet
Mechanism of Vitamin D-Mediated Antiproliferative Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells (1998) Dr. Burnstein investigated the mechanism by which a metabolite of vitamin D, vitamin D3, inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells, possibly by increasing levels of two proteins that act as inhibitors of cell growth. Florida Florida Kerry L Burnstein, PhD Prostate Vitamin D3
Mechanism of the Antitumor and Anticachectic Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids (2000) Dr. Sauer explored whether certain human cancer cell lines will show a decreased response to linoleic acid in the presence of n-3 fatty acids, with levels of various physiologic factors as a measure of response. New York New York Leonard A Sauer, MD, PhD Breast, Liver linoleic acid, n-3 fatty acids
Mechanism of Retinoic Acid-induced Differentiation (2000) Dr. Tighe examined the response of mouse embryonic stem cells to retinoic acid, especially with regard to signaling pathways that are involved in cell differentiation and in regulation of tumor cell growth. New York New York Ann P Tighe, PhD Other retinoic acid
Mechanism of RAR B2 Regulated Growth Inhibition (1996) Dr. Peacocke continued her studies on the role of various domains of the RAR-beta2 receptor in mediating the cell growth inhibitory effects of retinoids. The research examined if the DNA binding domain of RAR-beta2 and the ligand binding domain of RAR-beta2 are required to inhibit cell proliferation and anchorage-dependent growth. New York New York Monica Peacocke, MD Skin retinoic acid receptor beta 2
Mechanism of Interaction Between Soy and Radiation for Prostate Cancer (2003) Dr. Hillman investigated the mechanism(s) by which genestein increases the cell killing caused by radiation of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in a mouse model for prostate cancer in vivo. Michigan Michigan Gilda Hillman, PhD Prostate genestein, soy
Mechanism of Inhibition by Isothiocyanates and Allyl Sulfides in Rat Esophagus (1997) Dr. Mirvish examined how natural compounds found in vegetables inhibit the action of an esophageal carcinogen, at doses relevant to those occurring in the vegetables. Nebraska Nebraska Sidney S Mirvish, PhD Esophagus isothiocyanates, allyl sulfides Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Mechanism of Fatty Acid Effects (1995) Dr. Friedman investigated the effect of long (LCFA) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) derived from dietary fiber on colonocytes. Production of TGF beta-1, a differentiation inducing factor for colonocytes and PKC-beta, a marker of poorly differentiated colon carcinoma cells, is measured in response to their exposure to LCFA and SCFA. New York New York Eileen Friedman, PhD Colon/Rectum fiber, TGF beta-1, colonocytes, PKC-beta Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Mechanism of Dietary Indoles in Prevention of Papillomavirus Induced Cancers (1995) Dr. Auborn investigated the role of indole-3-carbinol present in cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and Brussel sprouts) in preventing human papillomavirus tumors (HPV) and their progression. It was hypothesized that indoles, modulators of estrogen metabolism, will prevent growth of HPV-induced tumors and prevent their malignant conversion. New York New York Karen J Auborn, PhD Cervix indole-3-carbinol, cruciferous vegetables, human papillomavirus Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash
Mechanism of Cancer Prevention by Fiber (2000) Dr. Cai investigated whether butyrate, from fermentation of dietary fiber, is involved in the induction of heat shock proteins and apoptosis, using human colon carcinoma cells as a model system. Connecticut Connecticut Jiyang Cai, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate, heat shock proteins Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Mechanism of Cancer Chemoprevention by Constituents of Cruciferous Vegetables (2005) These studies were designed to address the antitumor mechanism and the potential chemopreventive effects of 3, 3�-di-indolylmethanine (DIM), a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables. The study examined whether DIM inhibits metastasis of human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines through modulation of chemokine receptors and chemotaxis. California California Oliver Hankinson, PhD Breast, Ovary breast cancer, ovarian canecr, DIM, cruciferous vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Mechanism of Action of Indole-3-Carbinol, a Dietary Chemopreventive Agent in Breast Cancer (1994) Dr. Tiwari demonstrated that indole-3-carbinol, a chemopreventive agent present in cruciferous vegetables, reduces the incidence and multiplicity of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice. Dr. Tiwari extended his studies, using estrogen responsive and non-responsive human breast cancer cells, to characterize the novel mechanism of action of indole-3-carbinol in conjunction with estrogen receptors or estradiol responsive factors. New York New York Raj K Tiwari, PhD Breast indole-3-carbinol, estrogen, cruciferous vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Meat Mutagens and Related Polymorphisms and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women (2007) The aim of this proposal was to evaluate the role of meat intake on breast cancer, using data from the Nurses� Health Study, with emphasis on the major mutagenic heterocyclic amines from prepared meat and breast cancer hormone receptors. Massachusetts Massachusetts Eunyoung Cho, ScD Breast heterocyclic amines, meat intake
Meat Cooking Methods and Colon Carcinogenesis (1994) As a continuation of her previous studies, Dr. Pence focused on the cooking practices for red meat to determine if it is the method of cooking meat, and not the meat itself, which contributes to colon cancer risk indicated by epidemiological studies. Specifically, she sought to determine the production of heterocyclic aryl amines (HCAs) due to cooking and their role in the initiation and/or promotion of colon carcinogenesis. Texas Texas Barbara C Pence, PhD Colon/Rectum meat, cooking methods, heterocyclic aryl amines
Maternal High-Fat Diet and Breast Cancer Risk Among Offspring (1998) Dr. Hilakivi-Clarke investigated whether a high fat diet during pregnancy, which leads to elevated serum estradiol levels, can increase breast cancer risk in the female offspring, presumably through changes in estrogen receptor levels and/or function and eicosand metabolism in the mammary gland. District of Columbia District of Columbia Leena A Hilakivi-Clarke, PhD Breast pregnancy, high-fat diet, estrogen levels
Mammary Tumorigenesis: Protective Mechanisms of Dietary Palm Oil (1996) Dr. Sylvester examined the basis for the protective effect of palm oil against induction of mammary tumors in female rats and whether this effect is due to specific fatty acids or antioxidant constituents which are present in high concentrations in palm oil. Washington Washington Paul W Sylvester, PhD Breast palm oil, fatty acids
Mammary Cancer Protective Effects of Lactational Exposure to Flaxseed or Its Purified Lignan (2000) Dr. Thompson investigated whether the lignans from flaxseed influence expression of growth factors and rate of proliferation in the mammary gland, and thus might decrease breast cancer. Canada Canada Lilian U Thompson, PhD Breast flaxseed Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Magnesium, Calcium, and Risk for Colorectal Adenoma (2008) This study proposed that calcium magnesium ratio infuences the risk of developing colonic adenomas and that polymorphism associated with TRPM7 gene augments the risk. In this molecular epidemiological study, the samples were collected from an ongoing Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Molecular Epidemiological Study. Urinary and erythrocyte calcium and magnesium levels were measured in 300 cases and controls, and TRPM7 polymorphism analyses were carried out on 2000 cases and controls each. Tennessee Tennessee Qi Dai, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum calcium, magnesium, TRPM7 gene, Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Molecular Epidemiological study
Lycopene, Vitamin E, Selenium and Prostate Cancer (2005) This study assessed whether lycopene, vitamin E and selenium can additively or synergistically reduce the growth of prostate cancer cells and tested whether this interaction relates specifcally to androgen-regulated proliferation. Illinois Illinois John W Erdman, PhD Prostate lycopene, vitamin A, selenium Cherries, Flaxseed, Squash, Grapefruit
lycolytic Metabolism as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Medulloblastom (2012) Dr. Gershon will target the unusual way medulloblastoma cells use glucose to see if a ketogenic diet � high fat, low-carbohydrate � will have an anti-tumor effect by forcing the tumor cells to burn fat rather than glucose from carbohydrates. North Carolina North Carolina Timothy Gershon, MD, PhD Brain
Luteolin as Dietary Chemopreventive Agent in Colorectal Cancer (2005) This study examined the mechanism by which luteolin, a naturally occurring favonoid, inhibits colon cancer in animal models. North Carolina North Carolina Christian Jobin, PhD Colon/Rectum luteolin, flavonoids
Lunasin, a Novel Cancer Preventive Seed Peptide (2005) This study examined how the peptide lunasin � found in soy, wheat and barley � can be used to delay or prevent prostate cancer in a mouse model. California California Benito O de Lumen, PhD Prostate peptide, lunasin, soy, wheat, barley
Localized Folate Status and Cancer (1991) Dr. Steele investigated if a deficiency of folate, a B-vitamin, in the diet causes a deficiency in folate in the colon tissue and thereby possibly increases the risk for developing colon cancer. Wisconsin Wisconsin Robert D Steele, PhD Colon/Rectum folate deficiency Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Liver Phospholipids of Normal and Tumor-Bearing Rats (1989) Dr. Kritchevsky examined how phospholipids, an important group of substances found throughout the body, are affected by either the presence of breast cancer or by a diet which influences the chances of developing breast cancer. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania David Kritchevsky, PhD Breast phospholipids, diet
Lipotrope Nutrition and Cancer Chemotherapy (1987) Dr. Rogers studied how a deficiency of choline, methionine, or folic acid, which are nutrients central to one-carbon metabolism and cellular reproduction, can increase the risk of developing a second primary cancer in patients given chemotherapy, and how this might be prevented by dietary supplementation with choline. Massachusetts Massachusetts Adrianne E Rogers, MD Liver choline, methionine, folic acid
Lipid Modulation of Jak2-Stat5 Signal Transduction Pathway in Prostate Cancer (2003) These studies were designed to examine the hypothesis that saturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance Jak2-Stat5 signal transduction in prostate cancer cells, thereby promoting their survival and proliferation, whereas omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids oppose Jak2-Stat5 signalling and reduce the growth of prostate cancer cells. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Marja Nevalainen, MD, PhD Prostate omega-3, omega-6, PUFAs, chemotherapeutic nucleoside drugs
Lipid Metabolism in Cancer (1983) Dr. Lokich examined how the metabolism of fat in patients with colon cancer differs from the metabolism of fat in those without cancer, in order to help explain why so many cancer patients lose weight during their illness. Massachusetts Massachusetts Jacob J Lokich, MD Colon/Rectum metabolism
Lipid Markers of Caloric Restriction: Pertinence to Cancer (1992) Dr. Kritchevsky evaluated whether the inhibition of spontaneous and induced carcinogenesis by caloric restriction may be related to changes in the phospholipid profile that occurs in the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. This was a collaborative study supported by AICR and the Food and Drug Administration�s National Center for Toxicological Research. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania David Kritchevsky, PhD Other caloric restriction, phospholipids
Limonene, Membranes, and Malignant Cell Growth (1993) Dr. Hohl built on his past observation that limonene, a natural component of citrus fruits, might prevent growth of leukemic cells by blocking necessary components of tumor cell growth. He looked at the effects of limonene and certain polyunsaturated fatty acids on tumor cell growth. Iowa Iowa Raymond J Hohl, MD, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph limonene, citrus fruit, leukemia, polyunsaturated fatty acids Soy, Grapefruit
Limonene and Leukemia Cell Growth (1992) Dr. Hohl sought to determine whether limonene, a natural component of citrus fruits, might prevent the growth of leukemia cells by blocking ras-oncogene expression and preventing isoprenylation to form active growth promoting proteins necessary for tumor cell growth. Iowa Iowa Raymond J Hohl, MD, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph limonene, citrus fruit, leukemia Grapefruit
Ligand Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Rodent Mammary Tumor Models (1998) Dr. Gimble studied whether natural or synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands would protect against mammary carcinogenesis in rats given a carcinogen and fed a diet high in either fish or corn oil. Oklahoma Oklahoma Jeff M Gimble, MD, PhD Breast peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, fish oil, corn oil
Leukemia-associated Chromosomal Abnormalities: the Role of Prenatal Exposure to Dietary Topoisomerase II Inhibitors and Mutation in the ATM Gene (2006) This study explored whether dietary favonoids such as genistein and quercetin might have a harmful effect on certain genes and increase the risk of infant leukemia. Netherlands Netherlands Sahar Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph flavonoids, genistein, quercetin, leukemia Blueberries, Apples
Lean Beef Versus Total Fat in Colon Carcinogenesis (1992) Dr. Pence sought to determine whether it is the high fat or the high protein in meat, or fat from other sources, that is responsible for the increase in colon cancer. Texas Texas Barbara C Pence, PhD Colon/Rectum meat, fat
Joint Effect of Diet, MTHFR and DNMT1 on Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia: Association and Linkage Studies (2003) Dr. Wiesner studied a possible cancer gene pathway, the DNA methylation pathway, to determine if the type of fat enriched diet and underlying genes are associated with colon cancer. Ohio Ohio Georgia L Wiesner, MD Colon/Rectum DNA methylation pathway, fat enriched diet
Is Flavonoid Intake from Food and Supplements a Cofounder in Breast Cancer Recurrence? (2000) Dr. Dwyer studied the dietary flavonoid intake of postmenopausal women who were enrolled in the Women�s Intervention Nutrition Study and who have been treated for breast cancer. Massachusetts Massachusetts Johanna Dwyer, RD, DSc Breast flavonoid, postmenopausal breast cancer, recurrence
Iron, Hemochromatosis (HFE) and Estrogen in Breast Cancer (2003) These studies were designed to determine the effects of estrogen on the growth of mammary cancer cells that have a mutation in the hemochromatosis gene, causing them to overload on iron. Wisconsin Wisconsin Christopher R Chitambar, MD Breast iron, estrogen, hemochromatosis Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Iron Increases Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells Invasion (2002) Dr. Kajdacsy-Balla investigated whether increased cellular iron levels are involved in the invasive growth of prostate and breast cancer cells and what factors can modulate the invasive potential of the cancer cells. Wisconsin Wisconsin Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, MD, PhD Breast, Prostate prostate, breast, iron Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Iron and the Risk of Cancer (1992) Dr. McGlynn examined people in China to determine if high stores of body iron are associated with increased cancer risk. She looked at iron levels in hair, nails and blood trying to determine the best judge of cancer risk and whether iron storage is under genetic control. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Katherine McGlynn, PhD Other iron, China, genetics Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Iron and the Chemopreventive Activity of Curcumin (2004) This study determined whether curcumin, a dietary spice which ties up iron, can infuence intestinal tumor formation in an experimental mouse model prone to develop such tumors. North Carolina North Carolina Suzy V Torti, PhD Colon/Rectum Curcumin Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Iron and Mammary Carcinogenesis (1991) Dr. Thompson investigated how iron in the diet might influence different stages of the cancer process giving rise to either increased or decreased incidences of breast cancer. His studies sought to determine whether there is an optimal level of iron that protects against cancer. Colorado Colorado Henry J Thompson, PhD Breast iron Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Investigation of the Role of a Vitamin D-Inducible Gene in Mammary Tumorigenesis (1997) Dr. Voigt tested whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the growth of rat mammary tumor cells due to an increase in expression of the UDP-1 gene which suppresses the tumorigenic phenotype. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Jeffrey M Voigt, PhD Breast 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, UDP-1 gene
Investigation of the Mechanisms by Which a Diet High in Lard Enhances Mammary Tumorigenesis in Rats (1983) Dr. Rogers and her colleagues studied possible mechanisms by which a high-lard diet might increase mammary tumor development. Massachusetts Massachusetts Adrianne E Rogers, MD Breast high-fat diet
Investigation of the Influence of Peanut Agglutinin (PNA) on Cancer Cell Metastatic Spread (2010) This laboratory study is investigating the possible influences of the peanut protein agglutinin (PNA) promoting the spread of tumor cells to remote sites and enhancing metastasis. United Kingdom United Kingdom Lu-Gang Yu, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum peanut agglutinin, cancer survival
Investigation of the Induction of Malignancy in Celiac Disease by Dietary Gluten (1990) Dr. Ciclitira investigated how celiac disease, a type of food allergy from gluten in wheat, rye, and grain products, is associated with increased risk for developing malignant melanoma of the intestine. He sought to correlate differences in the genetic material, DNA, and proteins in celiac disease patients with the altered immunity, food allergies, and increased cancer risk in these patients. United Kingdom United Kingdom Paul J. Ciclitira, FRCP, PhD, MD, MRCP Colon/Rectum celiac disease, gluten, melanoma, genetics, DNA, food allergies Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Intervention Study of Flaxseed in Postmenopausal Women: Effects on Biomarkers (2003) Dr. Sturgeon�s studies were designed to determine whether flaxseed supplementation of the diet of postmenopausal women has a beneficial effect on biomarkers of cancer risk. Massachusetts Massachusetts Susan R Sturgeon, DrPH Other flaxseed, postmenopausal women, biomarkers Flaxseed
Interactive Effect of Flaxseed and Trastuzumab in Reducing the Growth of Human Breast Tumors Over Expressing HER2 (2009) Dr. Thompson studied whether pairing a common chemotherapy drug with dietary intake of flaxseed may make the drug more effective and less toxic. Canada Canada Lilian U Thompson, PhD Breast flaxseed, trastuzumab, her2 Flaxseed
Interactions of Retinoic Acid and Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Chemoprevention of Human Papillomavirus-induced Cancer (1995) Dr. Creek examined the mechanism underlying the effects of retinoids in chemoprevention of human papillomavirus(HPV)-induced cancer. He tested the hypothesis that the retinoid induced growth inhibition of HPV is mediated by the Growth Factor Beta. These studies should help to clarify the mechanism by which the DNA of cancer-causing HPV types insert themselves into the genome of the host cell, an important first step in the development of cervical cancer. South Carolina South Carolina Kim E Creek, PhD Cervix retinoids, HPV, growth factor beta
Interaction of Garlic and Selenium in the Inhibition of Breast Cancer (1994) Dr. Liu investigated the synergistic effect of allyl compounds within garlic and dietary selenium in the inhibition of experimentally DMBA-induced breast cancer. He also studied the mechanism of action by which the various garlic compounds influence the ability of selenite to depress DMBA-DNA binding and determine the optimal combination of these substances to maximize the reduction of this binding. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Jin-Zhou Liu, MD, PhD Breast garlic, selenium
Interaction of Dietary Aflatoxin and Hepatitis B Virus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1986) Dr. Vyas studied how liver cells infected with the hepatitis B virus may interact with aflatoxin B-1, a mold-generated toxin which sometimes contaminates grain and peanuts, to initiate liver cancer. California California Girish N Vyas, PhD Liver Hepatitis B, aflatoxin B-1
Interaction Between Vitamin A and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in Colorectal Tumor Metastasis (2008) This study tested the hypothesis that retinol (vitamin A) inhibits the metastasis of cancer cells through a unique post-translational mechanism involving inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. First, the effect was observed in mice consuming diets with vitamin A, and then it examined how vitamin A interacts with PI3K at the molecular level. Texas Texas Michelle Lane, PhD Colon/Rectum retinol, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Insulin Resistance in the Etiology of Colorectal Neoplasia (2000) Dr. Platz explored the relationship between insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and risk of developing colon cancer in a large population. Maryland Maryland Elizabeth A Platz, PhD Colon/Rectum insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia
Insitutional Training Grant on Cancer Prevention Research (2007) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, M.D. Other 0
Insitutional Training Grant on Cancer Prevention Research (2007) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, MD Other
Insitutional Training Grant on Cancer Prevention Research (2007) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, MD Other
Insitutional Training Grant on Cancer Prevention Research (2007) 0 Guatemala Guatemala Noel Solomons, MD Other
Inositol Pentakisphosphate, a Novel Bioactive Compound for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Cancer (2006) The study investigated if inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) exerts its antineoplastic effects through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway activation and tested its effcacy in combination therapy with other bioactive compounds against ovarian and breast cancer. United Kingdom United Kingdom Marco Falasca, PhD Breast, Ovary inositol pentakisphosphate, bioactive compounds, ovarian cancer, breast cancer Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Inhibition of Prostate Carcinogenesis by Flavokawain B, a Novel Chalcone from the Kava Plant (2007) This study investigated the effect of flavokawain B on prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, using both the TRAMP mouse model and several prostate cancer cell lines. California California Xiaolin Zi, PhD, MD Prostate flavokawain B, kava plant
Inhibition of Nitrosamine Activation by Allyl Sulfides (2000) Dr. Mirvish sought to determine the mechanism by which allyl sulfides from garlic inhibit the carcinogenicity of nitrosamines. Nebraska Nebraska Sidney S Mirvish, PhD Esophagus, Liver allyl sulfides, garlic, nitrosamines
Inhibition of EGF Receptor Activation by Curcumin (1994) Curcumin, the major active yellow pigment of the spice turmeric, has been shown to have anti-proliferative properties in human tumor cell cultures. Dr. Kumar investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin on carcinogen stimulation or activation of cellular and molecular pathways in MH3T3 cells. He also examined whether there is inhibition of mitogen-induced activation of epidermal growth factor receptors. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Rakesh Kumar, PhD Other curcumin, epidermal growth factor receptors,
Inhibition of DNA Adduct Formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP) in the Mammary Gland by Dietary d-Limonene (1994) Dr. Schut studied the effect of the dietary constituent, d-Limonene, on the mutagenic potential of charred protein-rich foods. One of the most abundant mutagenic compounds in cooked hamburger meat is PhIP, which has been shown to induce mammary tumors in the rat. Dr. Schut investigated the potential of d-Limonene to inhibit the PhIP formation in the mammary gland. These novel studies aimed to identify a naturally-occurring dietary chemopreventive agent against breast cancer. Ohio Ohio Herman A.J. Schut, PhD Breast d-Limonene, cooked meat, PhIP Grapefruit
Inhibition of DMBA-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis by Carnosol (1992) Dr. Singletary sought to determine whether carnosol, an antioxidant and active component of rosemary, might inhibit DMBA-induced mammary gland cancer in rats by preventing DNA adduct formation. Illinois Illinois Keith W Singletary, PhD Breast carnosol, rosemary
Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis by Phytate (1988) Dr. Shamsuddin sought to confirm his observation that phytate, a natural constituent of grains, seems to reduce the incidence of colon cancer after exposure to a powerful carcinogen. Maryland Maryland Abulkalam M Shamsuddin, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum phytate
Inhibition of Carcinogenesis by Nutritional Modifications (1983) Dr. Boutwell sought to determine the optimal levels in the diet of two chemicals, one a derivative of vitamin A and the other an enzyme inhibitor, which will prevent the development of skin cancer in mice. Wisconsin Wisconsin Roswell K Boutwell, PhD Skin enzyme inhibitor
Inhibition of Breast Cancer by Soybean Isoflavones (1987) Dr. Barnes explored the possibility that breast cancer is much less common in Asia because a substance found in soybeans may inhibit the development of breast cancer by interfering with the effect of estrogen on the growth of certain tumors. Alabama Alabama Stephen Barnes, PhD Breast Soybean isoflavones
Inhibition of Bladder Tumorigenesis by Calorie Restriciton: Mechanistic Studies (1997) Dr. Hursting examined the effect of glucocorticoids such as corticosterone on the decrease in bladder tumors in mice given a bladder carcinogen while on a moderately restricted diet. Texas Texas Stephen D Hursting, PhD, MPH Bladder caloric restriction, glucocoricoids, corticosterone
Influence of Suboptimal Zinc in Utero on the Development of Immunological Defenses Against Cancer (1985) Dr. Fraker investigated the possibility that a poor diet during pregnancy may increase the risk of a child later developing cancer, by examining in mice whether a maternal zinc deficiency results in offspring whose immune systems have a reduced capability of resisting cancer. Michigan Michigan Pamela J Fraker, PhD Other pregnancy, zinc deficiency
Influence of Other Dietary Factors on the Bioavailability and Cancer Preventive Activities of the Green Tea Polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (2005) This study evaluated the effcacy of EGCG as a colon cancer preventive agent when combined with genistein or curcumin, in both colon cancer cell lines and in two mouse models. New Jersey New Jersey Joshua D Lambert, PhD Colon/Rectum EGCG, green tea, genistein, curcumin
Influence of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Sources on UV-Carcinogenesis and Immunoresponsiveness (1990) Dr. Black fed animals diets with fats from corn oil, beef tallow, or menhaden fish oil in different amounts, to determine which diets result in the fewest tumors that might be induced by UV-radiation or tumor transplants. Differences in saturation in the dietary fats might enhance the immune response and increase a person�s natural ability to fight cancer. Texas Texas Homer S Black, PhD Skin omega-3, omega-6, corn oil, beef tallow, menhaden fish oil, UV radiation
Influence of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA 22:6n-3) on p21 ras Membrane Binding and Function (2000) Dr. Chapkin investigated how the fatty acids from fish oil influence the risk for colon cancer development, with emphasis on ras function and binding to membranes. Texas Texas Robert S Chapkin, PhD Colon/Rectum fish oil, Ras function, docosahexaenoic acid
Influence of Cyclophosphamide, Oxygen Radicals and Dietary Vitamin-E on Lipid Composition and Fluidity of Lung Membranes (1987) Dr. Patel studied how the normal composition and functioning of cell membranes in the lungs can be damaged by an anti-cancer drug or by highly unstable metabolites of oxygen, and whether this might be prevented by vitamin E in the diet. Florida Florida J.M. Patel, PhD Other oxygen radicals
Influence of Carnitine and Nicotinic Acid on Cancer Cachexia (1994) The hypothesis that was investigated was that aberrations in lipid metabolism may constitute a substantial portion of the energy drain associated with cancer cachexia. Dr. Chance studied the effect of supplementation of dietary carnitine and nicotinic acid on tumor bearing animals and the reduction of cachexia by stimulating mitochondrial oxidation of lipids. A combination of these two nutrients with clenbuterol, a drug, could potentially further reduce muscle wasting and cachexia. Ohio Ohio William T Chance, PhD Other lipid metabolism, carnitine, nicotinic acid, mitochondrial oxidation, clenbuterol
Influence of Caloric Restriction on Brain Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis (2001) Dr. Seyfried used both mouse and human brain tumor cells, implanted intracerebrally in mice, to evaluate the effects of 20 or 40% caloric restriction on tumor growth and associated factors such as angiogenesis and apoptosis. Massachusetts Massachusetts Thomas N Seyfried, PhD Nervous System caloric restriction, angiogenesis, apoptosis
Influence of Amount and Source of Calories on Chemically Induced Tumors in Rats (1983) Dr. Kritchevsky studied whether restricting calories, as opposed to fat, in the diet can prevent the development of breast or colon cancer. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania David Kritchevsky, PhD Breast, Colon/Rectum caloric restriction, colon cancer
Inflammatory Pathways in Curcumin Chemoprevention (2006) This postdoctoral training was used to gain experience in nutrition and the biological aspects of cancer interactions and to determine the potential of curcumin to decrease colon cancer risk. Michigan Michigan Shaiju Kakkanadan-Vareed, PhD Colon/Rectum Curcumin
Induction of Melanoma Differentiation by Retinoic Acid: Early Response Genes (1999) Dr. Niles examined the effect of retinoic acid on genes that cause melanoma cells to undergo differentiation and apoptosis. West Virginia West Virginia Richard M Niles, PhD Skin retinoic acid, melanoma, apoptosis
Induction of Iron-Metabolizing Enzymes by Dietary Chemopreventive Agents (1995) Dr. Primiano investigated the induction of iron related enzymes and storage proteins, heme oxygenase and ferritin, by 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) in a hepatic cell line and sought to determine whether D3T alters iron homeostasis and reduces susceptibility to oxidative stress. Maryland Maryland Thomas Primiano, PhD Liver iron, D3T, heme oxygenase, ferritin Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Induction of Carcinogen Detoxifying Enzymes by the Dietary Anticarcinogen Elagic Acid (1994) Dr. Barch has shown that part of the anticarcinogenic activity of ellagic acid, found in a variety of fruits and nuts, comes from the ability of ellagic acid to increase the production of glutathione S-transferase Ya and quinone reductase, two detoxification proteins that destroy cancer-causing chemicals. This study examined the signals ellagic acid uses to tell the body to make detoxification enzymes. Illinois Illinois David H Barch, MD Other ellagic acid Blueberries, Cherries
Increasing the Effectiveness of Bioreductive Antitumor Agents (1999) Dr. Begleiter investigated how increased levels of the DT-Diaphorase enzyme (DTD) enhance the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin C, in addition to searching for diet-based enzyme inducers, which increase the activity of DTD. Canada Canada Asher Begleiter, PhD Other DT-diaphorase enzyme, mitomycin C
Increased Efficacy of Supplemental Nutrition in Cancer with Clenbuterol Treatment (1990) Dr. Foley-Nelson sought to determine combinations that will stop tumors from growing and at the same time will prevent the loss of body weight and the wasting away of muscle tissue. The treatments she studied included clenbuterol, which prevents loss of muscle weight, acivicin, which stops tumor growth but also causes muscle weight loss, and insulin, which increases the metabolism of glucose to possibly counter the muscle weight loss. Ohio Ohio Teri Foley-Nelson, PhD Other clenbuterol, acivicin, insulin
Increased Efficacy and Amelioration of Side Effects of Radiotherapy (2001) Using mice implanted with human colon cancer cells, Dr. Hardman investigated the ability of an antioxidant-free fish oil concentrate to increase the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy drugs and decrease the intestinal damage from the drugs. Texas Texas W. Elaine Hardman, PhD Colon/Rectum fish oil, chemotherapy
Increased Dietary Supply of Glutamine to Improve Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Asparaginase (2004) Using a mouse model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, this study investigated whether the provision of a dietary supply of the amino acid glutamine can reduce the toxic side effects and increase the effcacy of tumor killing during asparaginase therapy. Indiana Indiana Tracy G Anthony, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph acute lymphoblastic leukemia, glutamine
Increased Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Selectively Sensitize Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy (1993) Dr. Hardman demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish oil increase lipid peroxidation in the cellular membrane of a tumor appearing to cause the malignant tumor cells to die. Dr. Hardman sought to validate this hypothesis by enhancing lipid peroxidation by the pro-oxidant ferric citrate making cancer cells more sensitive to a chemotherapy drug. Texas Texas W. Elaine Hardman, PhD Breast PUFA, fish oil, lipid peroxidation, ferric citrate Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Inactivation of CYP1A1 By Flavones-Lung Cancer Prevention (2002) Dr. Walle used a compound derived from plants to determine whether it can prevent or inhibit the actions of enzymes that activate or deactivate carcinogens, using human bronchial cells as the model system. South Carolina South Carolina Thomas Walle, PhD Lung CYP1A1, flavones, carcinogens
In Vitro Effects of Resveratrol During Early Stages of Intestinal Tumorigenesis (1999) Dr. McEntee used the Min/+ mouse colon tumor model to determine whether resveratrol, an antioxidant from grapes, can cause regression or prevention of the intestinal adenomas in the Min mouse, and whether it acts synergistically with sulindac to eliminate the intestinal tumors. Tennessee Tennessee Michael F McEntee, PhD, DVM Colon/Rectum resveratrol, grapes, antioxidants, intestinal adenoma, sulindac Blueberries
Improving Outcome of Cancer Anorexia Based on Mechanistic Understanding and Novel Nutritional Therapeutic Strategies (1995) Dr. Meguid tested his hypothesis based on clinical and experimental data that cancer anorexia is mediated by increased serotonin synthesis in the hypothalamus. He examined if cancer anorexia can be reversed by depleting the hypothalamus of the serotonin precursor, tryptophan, leading to physiological ways to improve the feeding behavior of cancer patients. New York New York Michael M Meguid, MD, PhD, FACS Other Cachexia, serotonin, tryptophan
Implications of Vitamin A Intake for Radiotherapy (1999) Dr. Rockwell investigated the role of vitamin A tissue stores in lung toxicity and tumor metastases after chemo- or radiotherapy, with the aim of decreasing the toxicity of these therapies in lung cancer patients. Connecticut Connecticut Sara Rockwell, PhD Lung metastasis , radiotherapy
Impact of Dietary Intervention in Men with Prostate Cancer (2000) In a dietary intervention trial, Dr. Babaian sought to determine whether men who are asymptomatic for prostate cancer can follow a reduced fat diet containing soy protein every day and attend various clinical support group sessions. Texas Texas Richard J Babaian, MD Prostate low-fat diet, soy protein, clinical support groups
Immunomodulation by Fumonisin B1 and Its Role in Cancer (1993) Dr. Merrill looked at how a fungus, Fumonisin B1, found on agriculture products affects the immune system in cancer development. This fungus prevents the formation of specific complex lipids that are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Georgia Georgia Alfred H Merrill, PhD Other fumonisin B1
Immunobiology of Dietary Fat-Modulated UV-Carcinogenesis (1998) Dr. Black examined the roles of immune function and epidermal cycloxygenase activity and gene expression, in relation to dietary lipid levels, and how they affect the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet irradiation, as a means to suppress skin cancer. Texas Texas Homer S Black, PhD Skin immune function, cycloxygenase, dietary lipids, UV irradiation
ignan or fish oil supplement to reduce breast cancer progression in mic (2011) Dr. Ford is studying whether bioactive compounds found in flaxseed and fish oil have a positive effect on obesity biomarkers and thereby reduce breast cancer incidence and progression. Texas Texas Nikki Ford, PhD Breast Plant/Food Components
ietary folate interventions in a mouse model of castration recurrent prostate cancer (2012) In Dr. Smiraglia�s new study, he is comparing the development of prostate cancer in mice fed a folate-restricted diet to mice that are fed a diet that is supplemented with folate. He hopes to show that dietary folate restriction, when combined with androgen deprivation therapy, will result in decreased cancer recurrence. New York New York Dominic Smiraglia, PhD Prostate
iet induced obesity and breast cancer: Protective role of vitamin (2012) Using a mouse model of breast cancer, Dr. Feldman hopes to develop vitamin D as a therapy to protect against fatness-enhanced breast cancer and to investigate whether vitamin D added to the diet protects against the negative effects of fatness. California California David Feldman, MD Breast
Identification of Minor Dietary Anticarcinogenic Components in Vegetables (1992) Dr. Talalay, using a novel technique of harnessing endogenous cellular mechanisms, sought to identify minor chemicals that are potent inducers of Phase 2 protective enzymes. After isolating one such potent inducer (sulforaphane) from broccoli, he expanded his studies to identify others and explain their mechanisms of action. Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Other sulforaphane, broccoli Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
Identification of Dietary Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis (1983) Dr. Wattenberg sought to identify the anti-cancer compounds in cocoa beans which could prevent the development of breast, lung, and stomach cancer in rodents, and the anti-cancer compound in standard laboratory rat chow which could prevent gastrointestinal cancer in mice. Minnesota Minnesota Lee W Wattenberg, PhD Breast, Lung, Stomach cocoa beans
Identification of Citric Acid Induced Apoptosis Genes (1996) Based on preliminary data, Dr. Liang observed that citrate, a major constituent of citrus fruits, induces apoptosis in glioma cells. He studied the mechanism of citrate dependent apoptosis in glioma cells by identifying and cloning genes whose transcription is induced or repressed in response to citrate. Colorado Colorado Bertrand C Liang, MD Nervous System citrus fruits, citrate Apples, Cherries
How Do Flavonoids Kill Human Breast Cancer Cells? (1998) Dr. Loo investigated whether or not dietary flavonoids protect against breast cancer by damaging DNA through a p53 dependent stimulation of apoptosis. North Carolina North Carolina George Loo, PhD Breast flavonoids, DNA damage, apoptosis
Hormones and Diet in Women in High Breast Cancer Risk (1983) Dr. Rose investigated if lowering the amount of fat in the diet to 20% of calories can lead to a reduction in the levels of the hormones estrogen and biologically-active prolactin circulating in the blood of women who are suffering from severe cystic breast disease and who may be at special risk of developing breast cancer. New York New York David P Rose, MD, PhD Breast estrogen, prolactin, cystic breast disease
Hormonal and Growth Factor Modulation of Diet-Induced Hepatic Carcinogenesis (1986) Dr. Betschart studied how hormones and other hormone-like substances may be involved in regulating the growth of tumors, by attempting to determine how the liver cells respond to these substances and how this causes cells to become cancerous. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania James M Betschart, PhD Liver hormones, growth factor
Herbal Supplements and Prevention of Colon Cancer (2001) Dr. Wargovich used certain constituents of herbal dietary supplements as models for modulating COX1 and COX2 expression in rat colon, as well as their effects on cellular receptors and induction of apoptosis. South Carolina South Carolina Michael J Wargovich, PhD Colon/Rectum herbal supplements, COX1 and COX2 expression
Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer (1991) Dr. Sell sought to determine whether dietary cadmium might enhance the ability of Hepatitis B virus to increase the risk for liver cancer. Texas Texas Stewart Sell, MD Liver cadmium, Hepatitis B
Growth Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Cell by Selenomethionine Through MAP Kinase Signaling (2005) This post-doctoral study sought to understand the role that the ERK1/2 signalling pathway plays in growth inhibition of androgen-sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and DU145). The study also examined ERK1/2 pathway proteins as markers of the clinical effcacy of selenium in patients treated on a selenium supplementation trial for prostate cancer. Arizona Arizona Durga Prasad P Cherukuri, PhD Prostate Selenium, ERK1/2 signalling pathway
Growth Arrest- and Cell Death-Gene Mediated Breast Cancer Prevention by Selenium (1997) Dr. Lu studied the effect of the naturally occurring selenium compound, methylselenocysteine, on both cell cycle control in rats given a carcinogen, as well as examining the expression the expression of 6 genes involved in regulation of cell cycles and programmed cell death. Colorado Colorado Junxuan Lu, PhD Breast selenium, methylselenocysteine
Green Tea Polyphenols in the Prevention of Breast Cancer Initiation (2010) This cell study is examining how green tea may protect against breast cancer initiation by preventing changes to DNA and its associated proteins. These epigenetic changes do not involve DNA mutations. Alabama Alabama Trygve Tollefsbol, PhD, DO Breast breast cancer initiation, epigenetics, telomerase, defined genetic elements, tumorigenesis, green tea
Green Tea Inhibition of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Breast Cancer Cells (2006) This study examined how green tea polyphenols block the transition of human breast cancer cells from epithelial to mesenchymal in animal models. Massachusetts Massachusetts Gail E Sonenshein, PhD Breast green tea polyphenols
Green Tea and Epigenetic Regulation of Wnt Signaling (2007) This study investigated the epigenetic suppression of the WNT signalling pathway in breast cancer and developed nutritional strategies to improve treatment, because it was suggested that the green tea compound EGCG may synergize with demethylating agents to improve chemotherapy. Massachusetts Massachusetts Amy Yee, PhD Breast Green tea, EGCG, Wnt signaling
GPx-1 Polymorphisms, Selenium and Cancer (2010) This cell study is examining the hypothesis that individual differences in the gene sequence of a selenium-containing enzyme (GPx-1) determine how the enzyme interacts with selenium and its effectiveness in protecting cells from DNA damage that could lead to mutations and eventually result in cancer. The experiments plan on indicating the amount of dietary selenium certain individuals or subpopulations need for the greatest cancer-protective benefits. Illinois Illinois Anita Jerome-Morais, PhD Multiple Sites selenium, glutathione peroxidase-1, GPx-1 polymorphisms, DNA damage
GPx-1 Polymorphisms, Selenium and Cancer (2010) This cell study is examining the hypothesis that individual differences in the gene sequence of a selenium-containing enzyme (GPx-1) determine how the enzyme interacts with selenium and its effectiveness in protecting cells from DNA damage that could lead to mutations and eventually result in cancer. The experiments plan on indicating the amount of dietary selenium certain individuals or subpopulations need for the greatest cancer-protective benefits. Illinois Illinois Anita Jerome-Morais, PhD Colon/Rectum selenium, glutathione peroxidase-1, GPx-1 polymorphisms, DNA damage
GPx-1 Polymorphisms, Selenium and Cancer (2010) This cell study is examining the hypothesis that individual differences in the gene sequence of a selenium-containing enzyme (GPx-1) determine how the enzyme interacts with selenium and its effectiveness in protecting cells from DNA damage that could lead to mutations and eventually result in cancer. The experiments plan on indicating the amount of dietary selenium certain individuals or subpopulations need for the greatest cancer-protective benefits. Illinois Illinois Anita Jerome-Morais, PhD Multiple Sites selenium, glutathione peroxidase-1, GPx-1 polymorphisms, DNA damage
GPx-1 Polymorphisms, Selenium and Cancer (2010) This cell study is examining the hypothesis that individual differences in the gene sequence of a selenium-containing enzyme (GPx-1) determine how the enzyme interacts with selenium and its effectiveness in protecting cells from DNA damage that could lead to mutations and eventually result in cancer. The experiments plan on indicating the amount of dietary selenium certain individuals or subpopulations need for the greatest cancer-protective benefits. Illinois Illinois United States Anita 0 Jerome-Morais, Ph.D. Multiple Sites selenium, glutathione peroxidase-1, GPx-1 polymorphisms, DNA damage
Gluthathione and Dietary Modulation in Colon Cancer Treatment (1990) Dr. Chen evaluated whether consumption of broccoli and cabbage might increase the level of glutathione in colon tissue. She also tested whether glutathione might enhance colon tumor cell killings by 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) and thereby possibly improve the effectiveness of 5-FU treatment of colon cancer. Florida Florida Marianne F Chen, ScD Colon/Rectum broccoli, cabbage, glutathione, 5-FU Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
Glutamine Metabolism in the Tumor-Bearing Rat: Impact of Glutamine Nutrition (1992) Dr. Souba examined whether consumption of dietary glutamine by rats with either methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma or metastasizing mammary carcinoma, replenishes glutamine stores to muscle tissue and helps maintain body weight. Florida Florida Wiley W Souba, MD, ScD, PhD Breast glutamine
Glucocorticoid Mediation of Cancer Prevention by Dietary Energy Restriction (1995) Dr. Birt examined the possible role of cell hormones and their receptor molecules, corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), in mice skin to learn how dietary restriction lowers the response to chemical carcinogens. Nebraska Nebraska Diane F Birt, PhD Skin corticosterone, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
Glucocorticoid Mediation of Cancer Prevention by Dietary Energy Restriction (1997) Dr. Birt investigated the relationship between glucocorticoids and energy restriction (dietary restriction) in the suppression of skin tumor promotion in mice. Iowa Iowa Diane F Birt, PhD Skin glucocorticoids, energy restriction
Genotoxicity of Dietary Amines in the Pancreas (1994) Dr. Lawson has shown that heterocyclic amines, formed by pyrolysis of foods high in protein and fat as well as by smoking tobacco, are mutagenic and carcinogenic in several animal systems. Mutagenicity was particularly significant in pancreatic cell studies. He further investigated these heterocyclic amines to determine their potential to induce pancreatic cancer. Nebraska Nebraska Terence A Lawson, PhD Pancreas herterocyclic amines, fat
Genistein: Prevention of advanced prostate cancer in transgenic mice (2000) Using a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer, Dr. Elgavish explored whether genistein from soy stimulates apoptosis, or whether it inhibits expression of proteins involved in metastatic spread of prostate tumor cells to bone. Alabama Alabama Ada Elgavish, PhD Prostate Genistein
Genetics and Diet in Prostate Cancer Initiation and Progression (2006) This study tested the premise that both dietary fat and genetic background infuence risk for prostate cancer. District of Columbia District of Columbia Christopher Albanese, PhD Prostate genetics, dietary fat
Genetic Susceptibility and Dietary Factors in the Etiology of Ovarian Cancer (1991) Dr. Hulka investigated whether an inherited defect in the transferase enzyme that lowers the ability of the body to properly metabolize galactose, a sugar, might be associated with an increased risk for cancer of the ovaries. North Carolina North Carolina Barbara S Hulka, MD Ovary transferase enzyme, galactose
Genetic Interactions in Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer in African Americans (2009) Dr. Ellis investigated whether the higher rate of colorectal cancer among African Americans may be due in part to genetic factors that influence their bodies� production of vitamin D. Illinois Illinois Nathan A Ellis, MD Colon/Rectum African Americans, vitamin D insufficiency, sun exposure, skin pigmentation
Gene-Environment Interaction in Heterocyclic Amine Carcinogenesis (1995) Dr. Wargovich investigated how dietary fat and fiber can interact with the genetic background of an animal in the activation or deactivation of a dietary carcinogen formed at very low levels by high temperature cooking of protein-rich foods. Texas Texas Michael J Wargovich, PhD Colon/Rectum fiber, carcinogens, protein-rich foods Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Garlic Constituents in Treatment of Human Prostate Cancer (2001) Dr. Verma examined the effect of various garlic compounds on growth, apoptosis and related factors in a human prostate cancer cell line implanted in mice. Wisconsin Wisconsin Ajit K Verma, PhD Prostate garlic, apoptosis
Galactose Consumption and Metabolism in Familial Ovarian Cancer Risk (1990) Dr. Cramer investigated the possible link between an increased risk for developing ovarian cancer in the mothers and sisters of women with ovarian cancer and a deficiency of a key enzyme (a transferase) needed to metabolize galactose (a sugar) in milk. Massachusetts Massachusetts Daniel W Cramer, MD, ScD Ovary a transferase, milk
Galactose Consumption and Metabolism and Breast Cancer (1994) Dr. Cramer has demonstrated that postmenopausal women with a history of ovarian cancer exhibit a two-fold increase in the likelihood of expressing a variant galactose transferase (GALT), galactose metabolizing enzyme. Since both breast and ovarian cancers may have a common endocrinologic etiology, Dr. Cramer sought to identify why breast and ovarian cancer share common risk factors and determine the potential of a screening program for women with GALT abnormalities or abnormal hormonal profiles. Massachusetts Massachusetts Daniel W Cramer, MD, ScD Breast galactose transferase, galactose metabolizing enzyme
FRESH START Diet and Exercise Trial among Cancer Survivors: Assessing the Impact on Serum Markers Associated with Progressive Disease & Co-morbidity (2005) This study investigated blood biomarkers in the participants of the Fresh Start Diet and Exercise intervention program that is ongoing among cancer patients, and determined the extent to which the program leads to alteration in lipid profles, insulin, IGF levels and cytokine profles. North Carolina North Carolina Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, PhD, RD Other Fresh Start Diet and Exercise intervention program, blood biomarkers, cancer patients and survivors
Folate-retinoid Interactions: Implications for Cancer Development (2000) Dr. Schalinske investigated the means by which retinoids may influence the metabolism of methyl groups and lipotropes. Iowa Iowa Kevin L Schalinske, PhD Other retinoids, methyl groups, lipotropes
Folate, DNA Repair and Cancer (2003) Dr. Heydari examined whether folate deficiency interacts with genetic factors to increase susceptibility to colon and liver cancers by environmental carcinogens. Michigan Michigan Ahmad R Heydari, PhD Colon/Rectum, Liver folate, liver Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Folate Status: Modulation of Early and Late Molecular Events in Colonic Carcinogenesis (1996) Dr. Mason investigated the genes in rats affected by low levels of dietary folate to determine the molecular events that may lead to colon cancer and then applied the technique to study molecular changes in colonic polyps from patients on dietary trials of folate. Massachusetts Massachusetts Joel B Mason, MD Colon/Rectum folate, molecular changes Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Folate Status and the Development of Chemically-Induced Mammary Tumors (1997) Dr. Wilson studied the role of dietary folate in mammary carcinogenesis in rats and whether interactions with pesticide residues have an effect on the processes of carcinogenesis. Nevada Nevada David S Wilson, PhD Breast pesticide residues Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Folate Deficiency; 5, 10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene Polymorphism, and Molecular Pathways in Colorectal Carcinogenesis (2002) Dr. Soliman examined the relationship between a genetic alteration in an enzyme system, dietary factors and age in a unique population of colon cancer patients who do not eat a typical Western sytle diet. Texas Texas Amr Soliman, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum folate deficiency, age, non-Western diet Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Folate and Related Micronutrients, Folate Metabolising Genes and Risk of Barrett's Esophasus and Esophageal Cancer (2006) This research explored the relationship between low folate intake and the risk of Barrett�s esophagus, a precancerous condition. Australia Australia Penelope M Webb, PhD Esophagus folate deficiency, Barrett's esophagus Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Flaxseed/omega-3 Fatty Acid Chemoprevention for Ovarian Cancer (2006) This study examined if flaxseed-derived omega-3 fatty acids and/or lignans protect against an avian model of ovarian cancer using the laying hen model that mimics human ovarian cancer. Illinois Illinois Dale B Hales, PhD Ovary flaxseed, omega 3, lignans Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Flavonoids and Ethnic Differences in Cancer Risk (1997) Dr. Wolff is evaluated whether the generally lower breast cancer rate in Hispanic women is due to higher intake of flavonoid-containing foods, based on comparisons of food intake in different racial and ethnic groups. New York New York Mary S Wolff, PhD Breast flavonoids, Hispanics, ethnic differences
Fish Oil and Pectin Enhances Apoptosis in Colonocytes via Inhibition of PGE2 and PPAR Delta Signaling and Promotion of Death Receptor Pathway (2005) This postdoctoral award was used to study how a diet with fish oil and pectin enhances the die-off of precancerous cells in the colon in animal models. Texas Texas Jairam Vanamala, PhD Colon/Rectum fish oil, pectin, apoptosis
ffects of walnut consumption in cancer and cardiometabolic diseas (2012) Dr. Mantzoros recently found that walnut consumption decreased the growth of colon cancer in mice. By looking at how habitual walnut consumption effects microRNA, small molecules that regulate gene expression, his new study will help us gain a more advanced understanding of these underlying mechanisms. Massachusetts Massachusetts Christos Mantzoros, MD, DSc Colon/Rectum
ffects of Fish Oil on Lipid Metabolites in Breast Cance (2012) By studying women who were recently diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, Dr. Edwards hopes to determine whether fish oil protects against breast cancer and if so, how it does so. She proposes that omega-3 fatty acids may be safe and inexpensive tools in the arsenal of agents to combat breast cancer. North Carolina North Carolina Iris Edwards, PhD Breast
ffect of vegetable intake on heterocyclic amine metabolism in human (2013) Dr. Trudo is studying whether eating carrots, broccoli and other plant foods after eating grilled hamburger meat reduces the levels of harmful heterocyclic amines (HCAs) formed by grilled meat. Minnesota Minnesota Sabrina Trudo, PhD Colon/Rectum
ffect of maternal B vitamin intake on tumorigenesis in offsprin (2011) Dr. Crott is examining how maternal diet affects the risk of colorectal cancer in offspring. He hypothesizes that maternal diets deficient in B vitamins promote cancer but diets supplemented with B vitamins are protective. Massachusetts Massachusetts Jimmy Crott, PhD Colon/Rectum Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6
Feverfew, an herbal NF-kappaB inhibitor, in the treatment of breast cancer (2000) Dr. Nakshratri investigated whether daily intake of parthenolide, the active constituent of the herb feverfew, can suppress breast cancer metastasis in a nude mouse breast cancer model and increase the response to taxol, used in treatment of breast cancer. Indiana Indiana Harikrishna Nakshatri, PhD Breast parthenolide, feverfew, taxol
Fatty Acids, Proteoglycans and Breast Cancer (2005) This study examined the role of membrane proteoglycans in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and how dietary omega-3 fatty acids through alteration of proteoglycan metabolism can prevent or slow the growth of breast cancer. North Carolina North Carolina Iris J Edwards, PhD Breast omega 3, proteoglycan metabolism
Fatty Acids, Proteoglycans and Breast Cancer (2001) Dr. Edwards sought to determine whether changes in the fat composition of low density lipoproteins due to feeding rats diets of different polyunsaturated fats can lead to metabolic changes that may affect metastasis of breast cancer cells. North Carolina North Carolina Iris J Edwards, PhD Breast lipoproteins, proteoglycan metabolism
Fatty Acids, Mitochrondia and Molecular Genetics of Colon Cancer (1994) Dr. Augenlicht continued his investigations on the molecular mechanisms by which dietary fibers reduce the risk for development of colon cancer. He observed that short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacteria from dietary fiber in the colon alter the expression of several mitochondrial genes in colonic epithelial cells. Dr. Augenlicht sought determine how two of the major genetic alterations occurring in colonic carcinomas (APC gene and DCC gene) respond to the natural inducers of differentiation, SCFAs and in particular, butyrate. New York New York Leonard H Augenlicht, PhD Colon/Rectum fiber, short chain fatty acids, APC gene, DCC gene Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Fatty Acids, Mitochondria, and Molecular Genetics of Colon Cancer (1992) Dr. Augenlicht studied how degradation products of fiber might modify the pattern of mitochondrial gene expression and thereby protect against colorectal cancer especially when it is linked to familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. New York New York Leonard H Augenlicht, PhD Colon/Rectum fiber, familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary nonpolyposis Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Fatty Acid Synthesis as a Novel Chemotherapeutic Target: Therapeutic Consequences of Dietary Fatty Acids (1994) Dr. Kuhajda explored the role of endogenous fatty acid synthesis in malignant and non-malignant cells, as well as the relationship of dietary fatty acids in the regulation of cell proliferation. He also tested the differential ability of dietary fatty acids to inhibit cell proliferation in normal and cancer cells. Maryland Maryland Francis P Kuhajda, MD Other Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Fat-Fiber Interactions: Effect on Colonic Cytokinetics (1991) Dr. Lupton tested different combinations of fats and fibers in the diet to determine which amounts and types would yield the lowest colon tumor incidence. Texas Texas Joanne R Lupton, PhD Colon/Rectum fats, cytokinetics Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Factors Determining the Apoptotic Response of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells to Butyrate, a Fermentation Product Derived from Dietary Fiber (2009) Studies that examine the effects of dietary fiber and its degradation product, butyrate, on the risk of colon cancer have resulted in conflicting findings. Butyrate causes programmed cell death of colon cancer cells by increasing levels of Wnt signaling. However, some colon cancer cells develop resistance to butyrate. This study examined the mechanisms of the Wnt signaling pathway by using cells that resist the apoptotic effects of butyrate. An understanding of how malignant cells in the colon evade the apoptotic effects of butyrate will help explain the role of dietary fiber and butyrate in colon cancer. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Michael Bordonaro, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Factors Affecting Nitrosoproline Formation in Vivo (1989) Dr. Mirvish evaluated whether a test for nitrosoproline in urine might reliably identify people at increased risk for cancer of the esophagus and stomach. He also sought to determine whether increased ascorbic acid and vegetables in the diet might protect against this risk. Nebraska Nebraska Sidney S Mirvish, PhD Stomach nitrosoproline, ascorbic acid, vegetables, esophagus Cranberries, Squash
Exposure to Divalent Heavy Metals in Fish and Tobacco, Biomarkers of Susceptibility and Risk of Renal Cell Cancer (2008) The study evaluated the role of blood levels of heavy metals and any relationship to renal cell carcinoma, genetic variability, oxidative stress, vitamin D levels and dietary fsh, using data from the Alpha Tocopherol Beta Carotene cohort, in a nested-case control approach. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robin T Wilson, PhD Kidney heavy metals, renal cell carcinoma, oxidative stress, vitamin D, dietary fish, cohort study
Exercise, Energy Restriction, Weight Control and Breast Cancer Prevention (2004) The goal of this study was to determine the effects of moderate calorie restriction, alone and in combination with moderate or high intensity exercise on mammary gland carcinogenesis in the rat. Colorado Colorado Henry J Thompson, PhD Breast caloric restriction
Exercise and Quercetin in Colon Cancer: Role of Macrophages" (2010) Evidence suggests that both physical activity and quercetin reduce some types of inflammation related to colorectal cancer. This animal study is examining the independent and combined effects of physical activity and quercetin on the progression of colorectal cancer and whether these effects result from a reduction in macrophage-induced inflammation. South Carolina South Carolina Elizabeth Angela Murphy, PhD Colon/Rectum physical activity, nutrition, inflammation, macrophage Blueberries
Exercise and Pancreatic Cancer (1988) Dr. Roebuck studied how exercise, either voluntary or involuntary, combined with a high-fat or a low-fat diet can affect the development of pancreatic cancer. New Hampshire New Hampshire Bill D Roebuck, PhD Pancreas high-fat diet, low-fat diet
Examination of the Green Tea Catechin, EGCG, as a Novel Therapy for Bone Metastases (2004) This study investigated the ability of the green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), to prevent the metastasis of breast cancer cells to the bone. Australia Australia John T Price, PhD Breast green tea, EGCG, metastasis
Evaluation of the In Vivo Antitumor and Chemosensitizing Activities of Vitamin C and K3 Combinations (1997) Dr. Jamison studied the effect of combinations of vitamins C and K3, along with vincristine treatment, in suppressing tumor growth and causing cell death in androgen independent prostate cancer cells, as carried in nude mice. Ohio Ohio James M Jamison, PhD Prostate vitamin K3, vincristine treatment Cranberries
Evaluation of the Antitumor Actions of Vitamin E Compounds In Vitro and In Vivo (2005) This study investigated the effect different forms of vitamin E have as inhibitors of the growth of breast cancer cells in culture or in animals. Texas Texas Weiping Yu, PhD, MD Breast vitamin E
Evaluation of Edible Mushroom Phytochemicals on Aromatase Activity and Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation (1999) Dr. Chen investigated whether an extract of edible mushrooms can inhibit aromatase activity in different cellular systems, and thus suppress biosynthesis of excess estrogen, which is implicated as a factor in breast cancer. California California Shiuan Chen, PhD Breast mushroom, estrogen, aromatase
Estrogen-Mediated Prevention of Spontaneous Cell Tumorogenesis in SWR Mice: a Genetic Model for the Mechanistic Exploration of Steroids as Epigenetic Modifiers of Ovarian Tumor Development (2001) Dr. Beamer used phytoestrogens from soy to try to prevent ovarian tumors in a mouse model. Maine Maine Wesley G Beamer, PhD Ovary phytoestrogens, soy
Esophageal Cancer: Effects of Riboflavin (1986) Dr. Newberne studied how a deficiency of riboflavin (vitamin B2) might increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Massachusetts Massachusetts Paul M Newberne, DVM, PhD Esophagus riboflavin
Epigenetics of Genistein and/or Soy Isoflavone in Breast Cancer Prevention (2009) Dr. Li studied how the soy component genistein affects the functioning of various genes associated with breast cancer. Alabama Alabama Yuanyuan Li, MD, PhD Breast Genistein, soy
Epigenetics of Breast Cancer and Modulation by Bioactive Compounds (2010) This laboratory study is testing the hypothesis that dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cause silencing of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA-1, and natural dietary compounds may prevent some of these mechanisms. Experiments include a series of molecular approaches to study modifications associated with the BRCA-1 gene in order to prevent the onset of sporadic breast cancers linked to silencing of the BRCA-1 gene. Arizona Arizona Donato Romagnolo, PhD Breast BRCA1, epigenetics, nutrition
Epigenetic Effects of Genistein That May Prevent Later Cancer Development (2007) This study investigated how maternal diet, fortifed with methyl donors and phytoestrogens, changes the onset and severity of adult disease. The goal of the study was to determine how genistein and methyl-supplemented diets methylate and thereby silence many gene promoters, whose expression otherwise results in cancer development and progression. An animal model with pre- and post-implantation of mouse embryos from dams on various diets was used. Missouri Missouri Cheryl S Rosenfeld, DVM, PhD Other maternal diet, methyl donors, phytoestrogens, genisten
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate for Enhancement of Cisplatin Therapy (2006) This study determined whether EGCG, a major component of green tea, sensitises ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment by inhibiting detoxifcation of cisplatin through inactivation of AP-1 and NF-?B pathways that could lead to the depletion of glutathione. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Marion M Chan, PhD Ovary green tea, EGCG, cisplatin, AP-1, NF-?B, glutathione
Enhancement of the Response of Breast Tumor Cells to Fractioned Radiation by Ananlogs of Vitamin D3 (2002) Dr. Gewirtz studied the mechanism by which vitamin D analogs and radiation cause some human breast cancer cells in culture to die out, either through the action of the cell signaling molecule ceramide, or through mutations in the p53 gene. Virginia Virginia David A Gewirtz, PhD Breast vitamin D3, p53 gene, ceramide
Enhancement of Doxorubicin Therapy via Protecting Against Chronic Heart Failure by a Unique Nutraceutical (2009) Dr. Li tested whether a substance found in cruciferous plants can make a common chemotherapy drug less damaging to the hearts of cancer patients. Virginia Virginia Yunbo Li, MD, PhD Other doxorubicin therapy, cruciferous plants, chronic heart failure Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
enetic, Dietary and Environmental Influences on Vitamin D Metabolis (2012) Although there is not yet conclusive evidence linking vitamin D to cancer prevention, the inconsistent results may be due to how individuals metabolize vitamin D. Her new study is investigating genetic differences in vitamin D metabolism. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robin Wilson, PhD Breast, Colon/Rectum, Lung
Energy Intake and the Early Stages of Breast Cancer Progression (1996) Dr. Christman explored the relationship between a restricted diet (60% of control) and a high fat diet (40% of calories from fat) on the conversion of benign breast lesions to a cancerous state in mice, as well as the hormonal status of the host mice, the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the influence of estrogen and estrogen receptors on the interaction between the different regimens. Nebraska Nebraska Judith K Christman, PhD Breast restricted diet, high-fat diet, apoptosis, estrogen
Efficacy of Vitamin D in Advanced Prostate Cancer: a Pilot Study (1995) Dr. VanVeldhuizen sought to determine whether treatment with vitamin D and analogs can moderate the pain associated with advanced prostatic cancer, either by correcting vitamin deficiency, by having an antiproliferative effect on the cancer, or by alleviating the effects of oncogenic osteomalacia. Missouri Missouri Peter J Van Veldhuizen, MD Prostate vitamin deficiency, oncogenic osteomalacia
Effects of Vitamin A on Simple Human Epithelial Cells (1988) Dr. Fuchs studied how vitamin A can prevent the development of cancer by determining how, at the genetic level, vitamin A affects the differentiation and proliferation of normal and pre-cancerous human epithelial cells. Illinois Illinois Elaine V Fuchs, PhD Other genetics, epithelial cells
Effects of Selenium on Chemically-Altered Cells During Hepatocarcinogenesis (1984) Dr. Faris studied how selenium affects a group of pre-cancerous liver cells. Preliminary data suggested that selenium may be a tumor promoter and it may depend on when the selenium is administered in these liver cells to determine if it acts as a promoter or inhibitor of cancer. Rhode Island Rhode Island Ronald A Faris, PhD Liver selenium
Effects of Selenium and Vitamin E in Prevention of Retrovirus Induced Immune Suppression and Cancer (1987) Dr. Kline sought to determine whether vitamin E and the mineral selenium can prevent the development of cancer caused by a retrovirus and if these nutrients bolster the immune system, modulate retrovirus-induced immunosuppression, or inhibit the process of carcinogenesis. Texas Texas Kimberly Kline, PhD Other Vitamin E, selenium, retrovirus
Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Hormonal Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Risk (2010) Certain sex hormones in the body, especially estrogens, play an important role in the development of breast cancer. This investigation is examining if a daily glass of pomegranate juice alters the sex hormone levels in blood and breast fluid of postmenopausal women. Massachusetts Massachusetts Susan Sturgeon, DrPH Breast pomegranate juice, serum hormones, nipple aspirate fluid, postmenopausal women
Effects of Organic Sulfides on the Metabolism of Nitrosamines (1990) Dr. Yang continued his studies to determine how diallyl sulfide (DAS) and other sulfur compounds from alliums (garlic, onions, and related vegetables) might influence specific enzymes and thereby prevent their activation of carcinogens that cause colon cancer. New Jersey New Jersey Chung S Yang, PhD Colon/Rectum diallyl sulfide, alliums, enzymes Squash
Effects of Organic Sulfides on the Metabolism of Nitrosamines (1988) Dr. Yang investigated whether certain sulfur-containing compounds found in garlic and onions can interfere with the metabolic activation of carcinogens. New Jersey New Jersey Chung S Yang, PhD Other garlic, onions, sulfur
Effects of LLSO and LLHOSO on the Progression of Breast Cancer (2007) This study examined the effects of low linolenic soy oil and low linolenic high oleic soy oil on transformation of a premalignant human breast cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo as xenografts. The oils are low in trans fatty acids and in addition to their benefcial effects in cardiovascular disease, could also be benefcial in prevention and growth of breast cancer. Virginia Virginia Young H Ju, PhD Breast low linolenic soy oil, low linolenic high oleic soy oil Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effects of Isoflavones on Human Breast Cancer Cells in Culture (1991) Dr. Barnes sought to identify the isoflavones and their mechanisms of action that inhibit breast cancer development. Isoflavones are estrogen-like substances present in soybeans. Alabama Alabama Stephen Barnes, PhD Breast Soybean isoflavones
Effects of Instant Green or Black Tea on Mammary Carcinogenesis (1992) Dr. Sakamoto evaluated whether polyphenols in green and black tea, which are from the same plant but produced by different processes, might be effective inhibitors of breast cancer in rats. She sought to determine at which stage(s) in carcinogenesis this protection occurs. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Kazuko Sakamoto, PhD Breast green tea, black tea, polyphenols
Effects of Folic Acid Metabolism on DNA Repair (2002) Dr. Branda studied whether dietary folate deficiency can lead to incorporation of the wrong constituents into cells, eventually leading to neoplastic disease. Vermont Vermont Richard F Branda, MD Other folate deficiency, neoplastic disease Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effects of Folic Acid Deficiency on Metastatic Potential (1985) Dr. Branda examined how a deficiency of folic acid, a B-vitamin, may increase the likelihood that skin cancer will metastasize, or spread to other tissues in the body. Vermont Vermont Richard F Branda, MD Skin metastasis, folic acid deficiency
Effects of Folate and the Folate Receptor on Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer: an In Vitro Study (2006) The objective of this research was to elucidate the roles of folate and folate receptor alphain in ovarian and endometrial cancers. It investigated the expression and localization of the receptor in clinical samples and in ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines and examined the effects of folate on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of normal and cancer cell lines in vitro. Hong Kong Hong Kong Michelle Kwan-Yee Siu, PhD Endometrium, Ovary folate, folate alphain, ovarian and endometrial cancer, apoptosis Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effects of Essential Amino Acid Intake on Net Protein Synthesis in Weight-losing Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2009) Weight loss commonly occurs in non-small lung cancer patients, negatively influencing their quality of life, treatment response, and survival. Loss of muscle protein is generally a central component of weight loss in cancer patients. Anorexia, due to metabolic alterations in cancer, leads to reduced food intake. This study examines the acute effects of a nutritional essential amino supplement on net protein synthesis in non-small lung cancer patients with weight loss. Arkansas Arkansas Marielle Engelen, PhD Lung amino acids, anorexia
Effects of Dietary Potassium on Colorectal Cancer (1989) Dr. Thompson studied changes in the colonic transport of the mineral potassium that may be associated with development of colon cancer, and how these changes, as well as the development of colon cancer, are affected by potassium in the diet. California California Stephen M Thompson, PhD Colon/Rectum potassium
Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fats on Helicobacter Pylori (1997) Dr. Smoot sought to determine whether the number of bacteria in the stomach, as measured by an antibody test, is related to dietary polyunsaturated fat levels, or whether the fats affect bacterial growth in culture. District of Columbia District of Columbia Duane T Smoot, MD Stomach dietary polyunsaturated fats
Effects of Dietary Isoflavonoids on Prostate Cancer Proliferation and Tumorigenesis (1999) Dr. Shiverick investigated whether dietary isoflavonoids from soy have any inhibitory effect on androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent prostatic carcinoma cells, both in culture and in nude mouse xenografts, in addition to studying the mechanism of growth inhibition by the isoflavones. Florida Florida Kathleen T Shiverick, PhD Prostate dietary isoflavonoids, soy
Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Modulation Upon Development of Bronchogenic Carcinoma (1993) Dr. Hammond studied the effects of both a folate-deficient diet and folate-excessive diet on the four stages of development of bronchogenic carcinoma: carcinogen-induced transformation, progression, development and manifestation of metastasis. California California William G Hammond, MD Lung folate deficiency, folate-excessive diet Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effects of Dietary Fish Oil on Correlates of Human Colon Cancer (1988) Dr. Knapp explored the possibility that the consumption of fish oil supplements may change the bacterial environment of the colon and the subsequent metabolism of compounds thought to be involved in the development of colon cancer. Tennessee Tennessee Howard R Knapp, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum fish oil Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effects of Dietary and Nutritional Factors on Esophageal Carcinogenesis (1986) Dr. Yang studied if certain substances found in corn, wheat and other foods bind with the minerals calcium, zinc, or magnesium in the cells of the esophagus, and thus make cancer more likely to develop. New Jersey New Jersey Chung S Yang, PhD Esophagus corn, wheat, calcium, zinc, magnesium
Effects of Copper Intake on DMH Induced Carcinogenesis (1990) Dr. DiSilvestro sought to determine whether a deficiency in copper in the diet might be responsible for an increased risk for colon cancer. He assessed whether changes in the activities of special enzymes that require copper to function might be linked to changes in colon cancer incidences. Ohio Ohio Robert A DiSilvestro, PhD Colon/Rectum copper deficiency
Effects of Copper Intake on Chemcial Carcinogenesis (1993) In preliminary studies, Dr. DiSilvestro found that rats with low copper intake had increased carcinogenesis over rats fed normal amounts of copper. He examined the hypothesis that varying levels of copper, specifically deficient versus normal amounts, act as a possible promoter for cancer. He tested a variety of carcinogens and looked at the effects in a breast cancer model. Ohio Ohio Robert A DiSilvestro, PhD Breast copper, carcinogens
Effects of Chemotherapeutic Isoprenoids on the Mevalonate Pathway (1999) Dr. Crowell hypothesized that dietary isoprenoids such as geraniol or farnesol may exert antitumor effects in pancreatic tumor models through modulation of the mevalonate pathway in tumor cells, and thus depress the proteins that increase tumor cell growth. Indiana Indiana Pamela L Crowell, PhD Pancreas dietary isoprenoids, geraniol, farnesol, mevalonate pathway
Effects of Caloric Restriction on Rat Testicular Tumor Formation (1992) Dr. Gandy investigated whether the reduction in spontaneous testicular tumors in rats by caloric restriction may be associated with changes in activation and detoxification of enzymes or steroid hormones. This was a collaborative study supported by AICR and the Food and Drug Administration�s National Center for Toxicological Research. Arkansas Arkansas Jay Gandy, PhD Testis caloric restriction
Effects of Brassica or Indole-3-carbinol in Prostectomy Patients with PSA Recurrence (2004) A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial was conducted, comparing the effects of Brassica consumption and indole-3-carbinol supplements on PSA among prostate cancer patients with PSA recurrence following prostectomy. Tennessee Tennessee Jay H Fowke, PhD, MPH Prostate brassica, indole-3-carbinol, PSA recurrence
Effects of Adenoviral Gene Transfer of C.elegans n-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase on Lipid Profile and Growth of Human Cancer Cells (2002) Dr. Kang investigated whether introducing a gene encoding an n-3 fatty acid desaturase into human tumor cells in culture would decrease the levels of more undesirable n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and increase n-3 fatty acids, thus providing an anticancer effect. Massachusetts Massachusetts Jing X Kang, MD, PhD Multiple Sites n-3 fatty acid desaturase, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Effectiveness of a Combination of Inhibitors on Chemical Carcinogenesis (1983) Dr. Slaga explored which combinations of anti-cancer substances, including vitamins C, E, and the mineral selenium, are most effective in interfering with the different stages in the development of skin cancer. Texas Texas Thomas J Slaga, PhD Skin vitamin E, selenium
Effect of Zinc Replenishment on Cell Proliferation and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Zinc Deficient Rats (1993) In many areas of the world, the high rates of esophageal cancer are associated with vitamin and mineral deficiencies rather than tobacco and alcohol uses as in the United States. Dr. Fong studied the role of dietary zinc deficiency in esophageal cancer, in hopes of answering two questions: 1) is zinc deficiency reversible; and 2) does zinc prevent development of esophageal tumors in a carcinogen-induced (N-methylbenzylnitrosamine) model. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Louise Y Fong, PhD Esophagus zinc deficiency Cherries
Effect of Wheat Class and Processing on Colon Cancer Prevention (2001) Dr. Gallaher examined the effect that the type of wheat flour and its processing have on colon cancer in a rat model. Minnesota Minnesota Daniel D Gallaher, PhD Colon/Rectum wheat flour
Effect of Vitamin D on Breast Cancer Metastasis (1998) Dr. Welsh tested the hypothesis that activation of cell death (apoptosis) by vitamin D and/or its analogs causes regression of breast cancer, inhibits local invasion and retards the metastic spread of estrogen-independent breast cancer in a mouse model. Indiana Indiana JoEllen Welsh, PhD Breast apoptosis
Effect of Various Nutrients on Macrophage Activation (1986) Dr. Everse tested if a certain group of chemicals found in food helps to stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells. Texas Texas Johannes Everse, PhD Other nutrients, macrophage activation
Effect of the Dietary Compound Queuine on the Incidence and Type of Neoplasms of Germfree Mice (1989) Dr. Farkas explored the possibility that a little known substance in food called queuine could be important to the body�s defense against cancer. Tennessee Tennessee Walter R Farkas, PhD Other queuine
Effect of Soy Isoflavone Consumption on Plasma Hormones Related to Prostate Cancer Risk in Healthy Young Men (2001) Dr. Duncan sought to determine whether there is any relationship between soy isoflavones in the diet and hormone levels in healthy young men. Canada Canada Alison M Duncan, PhD, RD Prostate soy isoflavones
Effect of Soluble Fibers on Colonic Physiology (1989) Dr. Lupton studied how soluble dietary fiber, the kind found in oat bran and beans, seems to both increase the risk of developing colon cancer as well as reduce the chances of developing coronary heart disease. Texas Texas Joanne R Lupton, PhD Colon/Rectum soluble dietary fiber, oat bran, beans, coronary heart disease Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the APC-modulated B-catenin-Tcf transcription pathway in colonic carcinoma cells. (1997) Dr. Bordonaro examined whether the short chain fatty acid, butyrate, induces cell death in colon carcinoma cells by a mechanism involving a cellular protein complex. New York New York Michael Bordonaro, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate
Effect of Selenium on Imunocompetent Cell Function (1986) Dr. Kiremidjian-Schumacher is studied whether modulation of the selenium content of the diet can affect the function of immunocompetent cells and, therefore, significantly modify the relationship between tumor and host. New York New York Lidia Kiremidjian-Schumacher, PhD Other selenium
Effect of Phenolic Antioxidants on Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes (2001) Dr. Narayanan used normal and prostate cancer cells to identify the genes responsive to the dietary antioxidants resveratrol and ellagic acid to pinpoint the hormonal, regulatory and mechanistic aspects of the cellular response. New York New York Bhagavathi Narayanan, PhD Prostate resveratrol, ellagic acid Blueberries
Effect of Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate on Protein Metabolism in Tumor-bearing Animals (1991) Dr. Baracos studied how the drug ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) might improve the absorption and use of nutrients and thereby protect against malnutrition and weight loss in animals with liver cancer. Canada Canada Vickie E Baracos, PhD Liver ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate, malnutrition, weight loss
Effect of Mevinolin and Limonene on CT-26 Hepatic "Metastasis" in BALB/c Mice (1993) Dr. Broitman examined how limonene and a drug mevacor (mevinolin), which inhibits production of cholesterol in the liver, alter the functioning of a specific oncogene, ras-oncogene, and affect colon cancer development. Massachusetts Massachusetts Selwyn A Broitman, PhD Colon/Rectum limonene, mevacor, cholesterol Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Grapefruit
Effect of Inositol Hexaphosphate on the Growth of Transplantable Fibrosarcoma in Mice (1991) Dr. Vucenik sought to determine how inositol, a component of dietary fiber, might regulate the natural immune defense by increasing natural killer cells and thereby retarding the growth of tumors. Maryland Maryland Ivana Vucenik, PhD Other inositol Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Effect of Inositol Hexaphosphate on Mammary Carcinogenesis (1992) Dr. Vucenik studied the dose-response inhibition of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in vivo by dietary inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid), a component of cereals, and the effect of phytic acid on the growth and metastasis of human breast carcinoma in vitro. This study was supported by a Matching Grant from AICR and Kellogg Company. Maryland Maryland Ivana Vucenik, PhD Breast phytic acid Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effect of Inositol Compounds on Mammary Carcinogenesis (1992) Dr. Vucenik evaluated the absorption and inhibitory effect of dietary inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid), a component of cereals, on tumor cell proliferation in a DMBA-induced mammary cancer model. Maryland Maryland Ivana Vucenik, PhD Breast phytic acid Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effect of Green Tea Components on Breast Cancer Signalling (1997) Dr. Cobrinik tested whether epigallocatechin gallate from green tea interferes with tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, using a human mammary cell model. New York New York David E Cobrinik, MD, PhD Breast EGCG, great tea, tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
Effect of Glutamine-Supplemented Nutrition on Gastrointestinal Toxicity of 5-Fluorouracil and Tumor Growth (1987) Dr. Smith explored the possibility that some of the intestinal side effects caused by chemotherapy can be prevented by supplying patients with extra amounts of the amino acid glutamine, which the gastrointestinal tract appears to use more rapidly during severe stress. Massachusetts Massachusetts Robert J Smith, MD Colon/Rectum glutamine
Effect of Folate and Methyl Deficiency on DNA Methyltransferases and Methylated DNA Binding Proteins (2001) Dr. Miller examined the effects of diets deficient in folate and methyl groups on proteins and nucleic acids involved in cellular processes requiring methylation reactions. California California Joshua W Miller, PhD Liver folate, methyl Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effect of Fatty Acid Supplementation on Oncogene-induced Cell Transformation (1987) Dr. Weinstein studied how dietary fatty acids can affect the transformation of healthy cells into cancerous ones, by examining the biochemical and molecular changes that follow the introduction of these fatty acids into cells which have been isolated from rats and altered with cancer-causing genes called oncogenes. New York New York I. Bernard Weinstein, MD Bladder fatty acids, oncogenes
Effect of Enteral Formulas on Methotrexate Toxicity (1991) Dr. Archuleta investigated whether soy protein diets might protect the intestinal tract against the toxicity of methotrexate, a chemotherapeutic drug, thereby allowing more effective treatment with this drug. Utah Utah Martha Archuleta, PhD, RD Colon/Rectum soy protein diet, methotrexate
Effect of EGCG, a Phytochemical from Green Tea, on Integrin Activation and Cancer Cell Metastasis (2009) Dr. Kim studied a compound found in green tea for its ability to interfere with a process cancer cells use to spread to other parts of the body. California California Chungho Kim, PhD Other EGCG, green tea
Effect of Dietary Protein Quantity and Source on Anti-tumor Immunity in the Rat (1992) Dr. Dietert studied the effects of different types of protein (casein from milk, vegetable protein from soy and wheat) in varying amounts on anti-tumor immunity to aflatoxin-induced carcinogenesis. New York New York Rodney R Dietert, PhD Liver casein, soy, wheat, protein, aflatoxin
Effect of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid on P53 Tumor Suppressor Gene (1992) Dr. Ronai investigated how high-fat diets may affect p53 gene regulation and breast cancer cell growth. New York New York Zeev Ronai, PhD Breast high-fat diet, p53 gene regulation, omega-3
Effect of Dietary Lipid on Transplantable Colon Carcinoma (1985) Dr. Broitman studied, in mice, the relationships between the transplant locations of colonic tumors and their response to dietary factors and the specific effects of cholesterol on the growth and spread of colon cancer. Massachusetts Massachusetts Selwyn A Broitman, PhD Colon/Rectum cholesterol Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Effect of Dietary Fat Source on Phospholipase C Gamma 1 Activation in Early Stage Colon Carcinogenesis (1996) Dr. Jiang studied the molecular mechanism of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA�s) for their protective effect against experimental colon carcinogenesis. Texas Texas Yi Hai Jiang, PhD Colon/Rectum n-3 fatty acids, PUFAs
Effect of Dietary Fat on Mammary Tumorigenesis (1986) Dr. Abraham studied how polyunsaturated fat in the diet affects the transformation of normal breast cells into pre-cancerous cells and the subsequent transformation of these cells into breast tumors. California California Sandy Abraham, PhD Breast polyunsaturated fat
Effect of Dietary Estrogens on the Development of Liver Cancer (2007) The purpose of this postdoctoral project was to study the chemopreventive effect of natural phytoestrogens and estradiol against liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine in male mice and to study whether Jun kinase activity is involved. California California Christian Kuntzen, MD Liver dietary estrogen
Effect of Dietary Ellagic Acid on Transplacental Carcinogenicity: Pilot Study (1994) Dr. Frank investigated the potential of maternal dietary ellagic acid, a naturally occurring plant phenolic, to provide chemoprevention in utero against chemical carcinogens and subsequently reduce early childhood cancers. Colorado Colorado Anthony A Frank, DVM, PhD Other maternal dietary ellagic acid, childhood cancers Blueberries
Effect of Dietary Antioxidants on Genetic Instability and Cancer Incidence in Ataxia Telangiectasia (2004) This study examined whether antioxidants from grapes, including resveratrol, can reduce the development of cancer at multiple sites in mice that are models of Ataxia Telangiectasia. California California Robert H Schiestl, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph Ataxia Telangiectasia, grapes, resveratrol Blueberries
Effect of Dietary Anticarcinogenesis on Hepatic Cytochrome P-450 Mixed-Function Oxidase Enzymes in the Chicken Embryo (1989) Dr. Goeger explored the possibility that chick embryos can be used to study how certain substances in our food help to prevent cancer, a technique which could lead to their substitution for laboratory rats and mice in certain experiments which benefit humans. Texas Texas Douglas E Goeger, PhD Other chicken embryo, mixed-function oxidase embryo
Effect of Carotenoids on Mammary and Urinary Bladder Cancers (1987) Dr. Grubbs investigated whether three carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables can prevent the initiation or promotion of breast or bladder cancer. Alabama Alabama Clinton J Grubbs, PhD Bladder, Breast Carotenoids Squash, Cherries
Effect of Cancer on Nutrient Metabolism in the Liver (1988) Dr. Liu explored how cancer affects the liver�s metabolism of carbohydrate and fat, in order to learn more about why nutrients are used inefficiently during cancer. Illinois Illinois Katherine J Liu, MD Other carbohydrate, metabolism
Effect of Caloric Restriction on Endogeous Retrovirus Expression and Lymphoma Development in Aged Rodents (1992) Dr. Blank investigated if caloric restriction may delay the expression of a retrovirus that is associated with lymphomas, and if the delay in viral expression also delays the development of lymphoma in mice. This was a collaborative study supported by AICR and the Food and Drug Administration�s National Center for Toxicological Research. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Kenneth J Blank, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph caloric restriction, endogeous retrovirus, lymphoma
Effect of Caloric Restriction on DNA Binding and DNA Adduct Removal In Vivo (1992) Dr. Chung investigated whether the reduction in genotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by caloric restriction might be due to a decrease in DNA adduct formation or an increase in adduct removal from the liver of carcinogen-treated mice. This was a collaborative study supported by AICR and the Food and Drug Administration�s National Center for Toxicological Research. Tennessee Tennessee King-Thom Chung, PhD Liver caloric restriction, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, adducts
Effect of Bile Acids on Colonic Signal Transduction Mechanisms (1996) Dr. Ceryak investigated the role of bile acids in the modulation of signal transduction pathways thought to be involved in colon carcinogenesis. District of Columbia District of Columbia Susan Ceryak, PhD Colon/Rectum bile acids
Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins on Radioimmunotherapy-Induced Normal Tissue Toxicity (1999) The objective of Dr. Blumenthal�s research was to delineate which combinations of vitamins, especially A, E, and C, will afford the most protection to liver, kidney, intestines and bone marrow against radiation from radioactive antibody therapy for cancer. New Jersey New Jersey Rosalyn D Blumenthal, PhD Colon/Rectum vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Grapefruit, Squash
Effect of Age on Colon Cancer Inhibition by Curcumin (2000) Dr. Magnuson invesitgated the effect of age on the response of rats to a carcinogen, using various biomarkers as a measure of effect. Maryland Maryland Bernadene Magnuson, PhD Colon/Rectum Curcumin
Effect of a Lifestyle Intervention on Body Weight, Psychological Health Status & Risk Factors Associated with Disease Recurrence in Women Recovering from Breast Cancer Treatment (2005) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary and physical activity intervention on body weight and psychological well-being in women recovering from breast cancer. United Kingdom United Kingdom John M Saxton, PhD Breast intervention study, breast cancer survivors
Effect of a Chemopreventive Diet on Carcinogen-Induced Colonic Ras Activation (1997) Dr. Chapkin compared the effects of various polyunsaturated fatty acids in the activation of a gene product which is implicated as part of the system that modulates the early stages of colon cancer development. Texas Texas Robert S Chapkin, PhD Colon/Rectum Ras activation
EB 1089/vitamin D3 and Radiation in Breast Tumor Cells (2006) This study used the combination of the active form of vitamin D and its analog with radiation to improve the treatment of breast cancer and prevent tumor regrowth due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Virginia Virginia David A Gewirtz, PhD Breast vitamin D3, ratiation treatment, reactive oxygen species
Dysregulated Mitosis: A New Chemopreventive Mechanism for Curcumin (1999) Dr. Sacks investigated the effects of the spice curcumin on specific growth factors in human oral cavity cells to determine whether curcumin causes atypical cells to die rather than continue growing. New York New York Peter G Sacks, PhD Head and Neck curcumin
Dual Effects of Soy to Treat Prostate Cancer: Inhibition of Prostaglandins and Enhancement of the Anti-proliferative Activity of Vitamin D (2006) This study explored whether soy enhances the anticancer activity of vitamin D and calcitriol against prostate cancer through inhibition of 24-hydroxylase (CYP24) and prostaglandins by suppressing expression of COX-2 in a mouse xenograft model. California California David Feldman, MD Prostate soy, calcitriol, CYP24
Does Vitamin D Status Modulate Colon Cancer Driven by APC Allele Loss? (2009) Dr. Fleet tested how a wide range of vitamin D levels influence risk for colon cancer. Indiana Indiana James C Fleet, PhD Colon/Rectum APC allele
Does TNF-Alpha Blockade Prevent Wasting in Lung Cancer (2003) Dr. Jatoi studied the effects of the drug inflixamib on lung cancer patients to determine if the treatments improve weight, appetite, quality of life, and survival by preventing the anorexia/cachexia syndrome. Minnesota Minnesota Aminah Jatoi, MD Lung inflixambi
Does Iron Deficiency and/or Iron Overload Play a Role in Breast Cancer? (1993) Dr. Sherman studied the effects of iron deficiency or abundance on mammary tumor development and the mammary cell cycle. She sought to answer the following questions: 1) is tumorigenesis altered by either; 2) does modification after carcinogen exposure influence tumor development; and 3) does deficiency impair mammary cell cycle and decrease tumorigenesis? New Jersey New Jersey Adria R Sherman, PhD Breast iron deficiency/abundance Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Does Dietary Folate Intake Modify Treatment-related Toxicity or Disease Outcome Among Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? (2009) Dr. Kelly investigated the role dietary folate may play in the effectiveness and side effects of an anti-folate chemotherapy drug both during and after treatment. New York New York Kara Kelly, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph acute lymphoblastic leukemia, children, chemotherapy side effects, methotrexate Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Docosahexaenoic Acid, and Omega-3 Fatty Acid, Inhibits Macrophage Tumoricidal Activity (1988) Dr. Lu examined how a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oil interferes with the functioning of macrophages, which are part of the body�s immune defense against cancer. Texas Texas Christopher Y Lu, MD Other fish oil, omega-3, macrophages
Do Components of a Chinese Diet (Genistein, Green Tea, and Phytate) Inhibit Prostate Cancer? (1995) Dr. Pretlow investigated whether components of the Chinese diet, genistein present in soy and green tea, and phytate present in rice, prevent the promotion and progression of the initiated prostate cells. These studies aimed to clarify the role of dietary components in the prevention of latent, early prostate cancer from developing into a clinically significant disease. Ohio Ohio Theresa P Pretlow, PhD Prostate Chinese diet, genistein, soy, green tea, phytate, rice
Direct Inhibitory Effect of Garcinol on FAK-Mediated Cancer Cell Survival (2006) This postdoctoral study examined the effect of Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone found in the Guttiferae, to inhibit focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, in order to understand the FAK-related downstream signalling pathways and the mechanisms of Garcinol on apoptosis in cancer cells. New York New York Adam Kisailus, PhD Other garcinol, guttiferae, focal adhesion kinase activation
Diindolylmethane Improves Effectiveness of Paclitaxel for Breast Cancer Treatment (2006) This study investigated the potential of diindolylmethane (DIM), a dietary component in cruciferous vegetables, to enhance the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in human breast cancer cells. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Susan Lanza-Jacoby, PhD Breast diindolylmethane,cruciferous vegetables, cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Differential Gene Regulation in Normal and Transformed Keratinocytes by 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and Retinoic Acid (2003) Dr. Bikle used keratinocytes in culture to investigate how the development of squamous cell carcinomas can be inhibited by derivatives of vitamin D [ 1,25(OH)2D] and vitamin A [retinoic acid]. California California Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Skin Vitamin D, vitamin A, squamous cell carcinoma, keratinocytes
Differential Gene Regulation in Normal and Transformed Keratinocytes by 1,25 (OH) 2D3 and Retinoic Acid (1998) Dr. Bikle investigated the mechanism underlying the differential responses of normal human keratinocytes and squamous carcinoma cells to treatment with vitamin D3 and retinoic acid, based on the concept that transcriptional intermediary factors are involved in the different responses. California California Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Skin retinoic acid, vitamin D3, squamous cell carcinoma, keratinocytes
Differential Effect of Nutrients on Colonic Epithelium with Different Acquired Genotypes (1996) Dr. Costa investigated the association between the potentially protective role of calcium and olive oil (a source of monounsaturated fatty acids) consumption against chemically-induced colon cancer and the genetic background of the cells. Connecticut Connecticut Jose Costa, MD Colon/Rectum calcium, olive oil, monounsaturated fatty acids
Dietary-Component Inhibition of Mutagenesis in Transgenic Mice (1995) Dr. Guttenplan used a special mouse model to determine whether antioxidant vitamins and other chemoprotective substances (phytochemicals) found in foods can affect the beginning or the later course of carcinogenesis from environmental carcinogens found in tobacco smoke and other products of combustion. New York New York Joseph B Guttenplan, PhD Breast, Lung, Liver phytochemicals, tobacco Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Dietary Treatment for the Prevention of Cervix Dysplasias (1987) Dr. Romney sought to determine if a nutrient supplement of beta-carotene, vitamin C, and folic acid administered for six months, in amounts exceeding normal requirements, can slow down or reverse the growth of pre-cancerous cells in women diagnosed with moderate cervical dysplasia. New York New York Seymour L Romney, MD Cervix beta-carotene, vitamin C, cervical dysplasia Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Grapefruit, Squash
Dietary Sphingolipids and Inhibitors of Sphingolipid Metabolism: Role in Cancer (1998) Dr. Goldkorn sought to determine the effects of fumonisms, toxic compounds produced by molds sometimes found in foods, on the processes of cell growth and death in animal cells, and studying enzyme systems which may mediate the effects of the toxins. California California Tzipora Goldkorn, PhD Other fumonisms, sphingolipids
Dietary Selenium, Mammary Tumorigenesis and Biologic Mechanisms in Rats Fed Protein-Fat Enriched Diet (1984) Dr. Hawrylewicz sought to determine whether the addition of the mineral selenium to a high protein diet would prevent the development of breast cancer. Illinois Illinois Ervin J Hawrylewicz, PhD Breast selenium
Dietary Restrictions, Meal Anticipation, and Mammary Tumor Formation (2005) This study investigated whether the anticipation of a meal is part of the protective effect of restricted diets against cancer in animal systems. Ohio Ohio Deborah Clegg, PhD, RD Breast meal anticpation, dietary restrictions
Dietary Promotion of HBV-Induced Liver Tumors (1993) Dr. Campbell�s hypothesis was that chronic infection with the Hepatitis B virus coupled with nutritional factors, especially those associated with an increase in plasma cholesterol, stimulates liver cell proliferation and results in liver cancer. He tested whether dietary protein, specifically casein that is a strong modulator of cholesterol, will modify the development of tumor formation in the liver. New York New York T. Colin Campbell, PhD Liver Hepatitis B, plasma cholesterol, casein Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Dietary Patterns and Breast Density (2000) Dr. Tseng investigated whether there is any correlation between dietary intake and breast density in a group of women at high risk of breast or ovarian cancer. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Marilyn Tseng, PhD Breast dietary intake, breast density, ovarian cancer
Dietary Oxidants and Antioxidants, Oxygen Radical Damage, and Carcinogenesis in Human Subjects (1990) Dr. Campbell sought to determine whether antioxidants in foods can protect against damage to DNA, the genetic material, and thus lower cancer risk. The studies were carried out on people living in the People�s Republic of China. Antioxidants in foods they eat were measured, as well as markers for DNA damage in blood and urine. The antioxidant and marker levels were correlated with the cancer rates in the Chinese. New York New York T. Colin Campbell, PhD Multiple Sites China, antioxidants, DNA damage
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer (1992) Dr. Wan investigated how dietary fat in the form of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil might alter the immune response and prostaglandin metabolism, influence the rate of tissue protein synthesis, and inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Massachusetts Massachusetts Jennifer Wan, PhD Breast omega-3, fish oil, prostaglandin metabolism
Dietary Obesity and Prostate Cancer Development in TRAMP Mice (2006) This study examined the infuence of obesity and leptin on prostate cancer induction and development in a mouse model. Minnesota Minnesota Margot P Cleary, PhD Prostate obesity, leptin
Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Tumorigenesis (2005) This study investigated whether a Western-style diet supplemented with calcium and vitamin D or selenium can inhibit tumor formation in a new mouse genetic model (Muc2-/-, p21) that accelerates the development of colon tumor formation. New York New York WanCai Yang, MD Colon/Rectum Selenium, calcium, vitamin D
Dietary Modification of the Effects of Carcinogens on Gene Expression and DNA Methylation (1986) Dr. Wainfan explored the effect some carcinogens have on the body�s supply of methyl groups, a chemical necessary for the orderly reproduction and functioning of cells, and whether this effect can be counteracted by the diet. New York New York Elsie Wainfan, PhD Liver carcinogens, methyl groups
Dietary Modification of Mammary Carcinogenesis (1984) Dr. Carroll sought to determine if reducing the level of fat in the diet of older laboratory animals already exposed to carcinogens can prevent the subsequent appearance of breast cancer. Canada Canada Kenneth K Carroll, PhD Breast carcinogens
Dietary Manipulation of Primary and Secondary Neoplasms of Liver (1983) Dr. Brada previously observed that adding the amino acid methionine to the diet slows down the development of a certain type of liver cancer. This study sought to determine if this effect is also true for other types of cancer. Florida Florida Zbynek Brada, PhD Liver methionine
Dietary Manipulation of Glucose and Glutamine to Challenge Brain Tumor Metabolism (2010) Brain tumors cells have a constant hunger for glucose and a need for glutamine, an amino acid produced by the body and also consumed in the diet. The study is using a specialized technique to track dietary substances consumed by animals as they are taken up by the brain tumor and processed for energy and growth. Connecticut Connecticut Henk De Feyter, PhD Nervous System glucose, glutamine
Dietary Manipulation of Glucose and Glutamine to Challenge Brain Tumor Metabolism (2010) Brain tumors cells have a constant hunger for glucose and a need for glutamine, an amino acid produced by the body and also consumed in the diet. The study is using a specialized technique to track dietary substances consumed by animals as they are taken up by the brain tumor and processed for energy and growth. Connecticut Connecticut Henk De Feyter, PhD Nervous System glucose, glutamine
Dietary Manipulation of Glucose and Glutamine to Challenge Brain Tumor Metabolism (2010) Brain tumors cells have a constant hunger for glucose and a need for glutamine, an amino acid produced by the body and also consumed in the diet. The study is using a specialized technique to track dietary substances consumed by animals as they are taken up by the brain tumor and processed for energy and growth. Connecticut Connecticut United States Henk 0 De Feyter, Ph.D. Nervous System glucose, glutamine
Dietary Manipulation of Glucose and Glutamine to Challenge Brain Tumor Metabolism (2010) Brain tumors cells have a constant hunger for glucose and a need for glutamine, an amino acid produced by the body and also consumed in the diet. The study is using a specialized technique to track dietary substances consumed by animals as they are taken up by the brain tumor and processed for energy and growth. Connecticut Connecticut Henk De Feyter, PhD Nervous System glucose, glutamine
Dietary Lipids and Proliferative Signaling Through p21 ras Proteins (1994) Dr. Golubic has demonstrated that some nutritionally relevant fatty acids might activate the cellular p21 ras (c-ras) proteins and promote cancer development. In this study he investigated the possibility that the tumor-enhancing effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the tumor inhibitory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be a consequence of the differential regulation of two important proteins (GAP and neurofibromin) which regulate c-ras. Ohio Ohio Mladen Golubic, MD, PhD Other p21 ras (c-ras) proteins, omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Dietary Lipids and Hormones in Breast Carcinogenesis (2005) This study tested whether dietary lipids and retinoids differentially promote interaction of PPAR/ RXR heterodimers with their coactivator proteins to regulate proliferation of normal human breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cell lines. The goal of this study was to provide insight into the roles of dietary fat and fat soluble hormones in prevention of breast cancer. California California David L Crowe, PhD Breast PPAR/RXR, retinoids
Dietary Lipids and Hormones in Breast Carcinogenesis (2001) Dr. Crowe examined how certain fats and retinoids can affect the growth of breast cancer cells and whether these compounds also prevent the disease from occurring in the first place. California California David L Crowe, PhD Breast retinoids
Dietary Lipids Alter Colonic Lymphocytes to Increase Tumorigenesis (1998) Dr. Kuratko tried to delineate the role of the inflammatory response in colon carcinogenesis, specifically the role that n-3 fatty acids play in suppressing this type of response. Texas Texas Connye N Kuratko, PhD Colon/Rectum n-3 fatty acids, inflammation
Dietary Lipid Effects on Expression of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase During Colon Carcinogenesis (1996) Dr. Kuratko studied the effect of various types and levels of lipids on expression of a tumor suppressing gene (the manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme) both in a normal rat intestinal cell line and in chemically-induced colon tumors in rats. Texas Texas Connye N Kuratko, PhD Colon/Rectum lipids, manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme
Dietary Lipid as a Factor in Progression of Preneoplastic Mammary Cells to Tumor Formulation (1985) Dr. Hosick explored the possibility that certain dietary fats increase the risk of developing breast cancer because their consumption leads to changes in a body�s adipose tissue that stimulates nearby pre-cancerous cells to become cancerous. Washington Washington Howard L Hosick, PhD Breast adipose tissue
Dietary Isothiocyanates, Glutathione S-transferases, and Colorectal Neoplasia (1999) Dr. Martinez investigated whether eating cruciferous vegetables, which naturally contain isothiocyanates, will decrease the risk from recurrence of new adenomas in patients who recently had colonic adenomas removed. Arizona Arizona Maria E Martinez, PhD Colon/Rectum cruciferous vegetables, isothiocyanates, colorectal adenoma Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Dietary Intake of Choline and Betaine, Related Genetic Polymorphisms, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2009) Dr. Lim studied the intake of two nutrients among a large multiethnic population to determine if genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to cancers that are linked to nutrient deficiencies. Hawaii Hawaii Unhee Lim, PhD Colon/Rectum choline, betaine, cohort study, nutrient deficiencies
Dietary Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression: A Novel Approach to Cancer Prevention (1999) Dr. Dannenberg tried to delineate the means by which dietary rosemary and its major components, carnosol and ursolic acid, inhibit the expression of the gene for COX 2, an enzyme involved in the oxidative activation of some carcinogens. New York New York Andrew J Dannenberg, MD Colon/Rectum rosemary, carnosol, ursolic acid, COX2 Cranberries
Dietary Inhibition of Cyclooxgenase as a Chemopreventive Strategy for Upper Aerodigestive System Cancer (1996) Dr. Sacks examined the effects of various dietary compounds such as curcumin and retinoic acid, on the expression of an activating enzyme, cyclooxygenase, in both normal and premalignant human oral cells in culture. New York New York Peter G Sacks, PhD Head and Neck curcumin, retinoic acid, cyclooxygenase Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Dietary Influences on Reversal of Changes in DNA Methylation and Expression of Protooncogenes and Suppressor Genes Induced by Short-term Lipotrope Deficiency (1992) Dr. Christman investigated how diets that are deficient in lipotropes, folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, and methionine, might increase the susceptibility to cancer-causing agents and enhance liver cancer. Her studies focused on hypomethylation of selected oncogenes. Michigan Michigan Judith K Christman, PhD Liver lipotropes, folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, methionine, oncogenes
Dietary Influences on Reversal of Changes in DNA Methylation and Expression of Protooncogenes and Suppressor Genes Induced by Short Term Lipotrope Deficiency (1994) Dr. Christman continued her investigations of dietary lipotropes (vitamin B12, folic acid, choline and methionine) in cancer. She has shown that a deficiency of these compounds interferes with the normal transfer of methyl groups to the genetic material (DNA) of cells. By studying this phenomena in genes that are important regulators of growth and cell differentiation, she sought to provide insight into mechanisms by which dietary factors can enhance their susceptibility or resistance to carcinogenic stimuli, e.g. environmental carcinogens. Nebraska Nebraska Judith K Christman, PhD Liver vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, methionine Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Dietary Influence on UVR-Induced Melanoma (1990) Dr. Ley sought to determine whether different amounts of fat in the diet might influence our risk for getting melanoma, a form of skin cancer. The skin cancer was induced in a South American opossum by exposure to UV rays from sunlight. New Mexico New Mexico Ronald D Ley, PhD Skin melanoma
Dietary Induction of Nucleotide Imbalance and Promotion of Carcinogenesis (1985) Dr. Lea studied if a compound found in milk, called orotic acid, can, in high concentrations, promote the development of kidney cancer by interfering with the normal synthesis of DNA. In addition, the possibility that a diet deficient in arginine, an essential amino acid, might act in a similar fashion was investigated. New Jersey New Jersey Michael A Lea, PhD Kidney orotic acid, milk, arginine
Dietary Induced Sporadic Colon Cancer (2009) Much colon cancer is linked to consumption of diets that subtly alter the normal balance of the colonic mucosa and elevate the probability of a tumor forming over a long period of time. This study used a novel mouse model to examine the mechanism by which the Wnt signaling pathway is altered by nutritional factors present in a western diet (high in fat and low calcium, vitamin D, choline, methionine, folate and fiber). New York New York Leonard H Augenlicht, PhD Colon/Rectum Western diet, high-fat diet, calcium, vitamin D, choline, methionine, folate, fiber Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Dietary Histidine and UV-Induced Skin Cancer (1994) Dr. De Fabo investigated the role of the dietary amino acid histidine in skin cancer development. Levels of a unique substance, urocanic acid, in the skin appear to be influenced by histidine levels in the diet. Increased urocanic acid levels in turn are associated with increased immune suppression resulting in skin tumors. The study sought to determine whether controlling the dietary intake of histidine will help prevent against skin cancer. District of Columbia District of Columbia Edward C De Fabo, PhD Skin histidine, urocanic acid
Dietary Glucarate-Mediated Inhibition of Mammary Carcinogenesis (1986) Dr. Walaszek sought to identify plant sources rich in a potent beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, called glucarolactone, or its precursors, glucaric acid and glucarate, to determine if these compounds inhibit the development of breast cancer. Texas Texas Zbigniew Walaszek, PhD Breast glucarolactone, glucaric acid, glucarate
Dietary Genistein and Photocarcinogenesis (2000) Dr. Wei investigated whether taking a soy supplement in the diet can afford protection against skin damage from ultraviolet irradiation in humans. New York New York Huachen Wei, MD, PhD Skin genistein, soy, UV irradiation
Dietary Genistein and Photocarcinogenesis (1996) Dr. Wei tested the protective action of genistein, a flavonoid from soybeans, against different phases of UV irradiation-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. New York New York Huachen Wei, MD, PhD Skin genistein, soy, UV irradiation
Dietary Garlic and Mammary Cancer (1991) Dr. Milner evaluated how different components of the diet (protein, fat, selenium, and vitamin A) might influence the ability of garlic to inhibit mammary tumor development. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania John A Milner, PhD Breast protein, fat, selenium, vitamin A, garlic
Dietary Garlic and Mammary Cancer (1993) A water soluble sulfur compound in garlic, s-allylcysteine, inhibits binding of a carcinogen known as DMBA to DNA and decreases the incidence of mammary tumors in an animal model. Dr. Milner continued his investigation in this area by studying the mechanisms of interaction between lipids and garlic and the role it plays in breast cancer development. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania John A Milner, PhD Breast garlic, s-allylcysteine, fat
Dietary Folate Manipulation: Impact on Prostate Tumor Biology, Genetics and Epigenetics (2007) This study examined how folate status in mammals affects epigenetic events that drive tumorigenesis in prostate epithelium. It aimed to determine if supplementation of folate slows the progression of prostate cancer from a harmless overgrowth to a lethally aggressive cancer, and if folate depletion increases the DNA damage. New York New York Gaia Bistulfi, PhD Prostate Folate, DNA damage Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Dietary Folate Manipulation to Prevent Prostate Cancer Progression (2007) This study aimed to explore the role of folate in altering the progression of pre-cancerous lesions in men at risk for developing prostate cancer, as well as the progression of tumors in men with disease by modulation of DNA methylation. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Denise S O'Keefe, PhD Prostate folate, DNA methylation Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Dietary Fish Oil: Effect on Tumor Immunology (1990) Dr. Jenski examined how omega-3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) from the diet become incorporated into the cell membrane, alter the membrane structure, and change the immune response or ability to kill cancer cells. Indiana Indiana Laura J Jenski, PhD Other omega-3-PUFAs, fish oil
Dietary Fish Oil: Effect on Tumor Immunology (1993) Dr. Jenski propsed that omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil will affect the structure of cancer cell membranes and by doing so, will alter the interaction between cancer cells and the immune system. She investigated how diet changes tumor cell composition. If it can be altered, one could purposefully affect and possibly eradicate the tumor through enhanced immunologic attack. Indiana Indiana Laura J Jenski, PhD Other omega-3, fish oil
Dietary Fiber, Bile Acids and Colon Carcinogenesis (1986) Dr. Story examined how different sources of dietary fiber influence both the amount and type of bile acids that reach the colon and how this may be affected by calcium in the diet. Indiana Indiana Jon A Story, PhD Colon/Rectum bile acid, calcium Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Dietary Fatty Acids, Isoflavones and Prostate Cancer (1994) Dr. Rose investigated the effects of high fat diets, using n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on tumor growth and metastasis in two human prostate cancer cell lines. He also investigated whether dietary soy, a source of the antiangiogenic agent genistein, inhibits the establishment of PC-M solid tumors and their metastasis in nude mice. New York New York David P Rose, MD, PhD Prostate n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, metastasis, soy, genistein
Dietary Factors in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk and Survival (2009) Dr. Kasperzyk examined the effect of dietary factors like dairy foods and fish on prostate cancer risk among men in three large, ongoing studies. Massachusetts Massachusetts Julie Kasperzyk, PhD Prostate Calcium, dairy products, fish, rye bran, cohort study, Sweden, Iceland
Dietary Energy Restriction and Estrogen Action in the Rat Mammary Gland (1997) Using a unique rat model, Dr. Shull investigated whether a diet with 40% fewer calories than usual would inhibit estrogen induction of mammary cancer and affect various parameters of cell proliferation and death. Nebraska Nebraska James D Shull, PhD Breast caloric restriction, estrogen
Dietary Energy Density, Body Size and Biomarkers Related to Cancer Risk" (2010) This study is using the most recently available national survey nutrition data to determine whether total dietary energy density, and the consumption frequency and amount of high-energy-dense foods contribute to body weight, body fatness, insulin sensitivity (related to diabetes type 2) and inflammation (measured in blood), which are all related to cancer risk. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Terryl Hartman, PhD Multiple Sites energy density, diet, overweight, obesity, insulin sensitivity, inflammation
Dietary Effects on Gene Expression in Mammary Tumorigenesis (1991) Dr. Etkind investigated how dietary fat might activate a cancer-causing gene from a virus, in an animal model, and thereby promote the development of breast cancer. New York New York Polly Etkind, PhD Breast fat
Dietary Effects on Gene Expression in Mammary Tumorigenesis (1993) In her first grant, Dr. Etkind showed that a high fat diet causes increased gene expression and affects the dormancy period of tumor expression in mice. Dr. Etkind observed the mechanism by which this occurs and attempted to answer new questions: 1) at what percentage fat intake does gene expression begin; and 2) is there a specific time in life when fat consumption accelerates breast cancer risk. New York New York Polly Etkind, PhD Breast fat intake and consumption
Dietary DIM in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention and Therapy (2010) This study is testing the hypothesis that the gene KLF4 plays a critical role in the ability of the dietary compound diindolylmethane (DIM) to prevent and repress tumor activity in pancreatic cancer. Experiments will determine how DIM affects the level and activity of KLF4 in pancreatic cancer cells and in mouse models, and provide information about whether other food components shown to activate KLF4 can be safely used for pancreatic cancer treatment. Texas Texas Daoyan Wei, PhD Pancreas Diindolylmethane, KLF4, cancer prevention
Dietary DIM in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention and Therapy (2010) This study is testing the hypothesis that the gene KLF4 plays a critical role in the ability of the dietary compound diindolylmethane (DIM) to prevent and repress tumor activity in pancreatic cancer. Experiments will determine how DIM affects the level and activity of KLF4 in pancreatic cancer cells and in mouse models, and provide information about whether other food components shown to activate KLF4 can be safely used for pancreatic cancer treatment. Texas Texas Daoyan Wei, PhD Pancreas Diindolylmethane, KLF4, cancer prevention
Dietary DIM in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention and Therapy (2010) This study is testing the hypothesis that the gene KLF4 plays a critical role in the ability of the dietary compound diindolylmethane (DIM) to prevent and repress tumor activity in pancreatic cancer. Experiments will determine how DIM affects the level and activity of KLF4 in pancreatic cancer cells and in mouse models, and provide information about whether other food components shown to activate KLF4 can be safely used for pancreatic cancer treatment. Texas Texas United States Daoyan 0 Wei, Ph.D. Pancreas Diindolylmethane, KLF4, cancer prevention
Dietary DIM in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention and Therapy (2010) This study is testing the hypothesis that the gene KLF4 plays a critical role in the ability of the dietary compound diindolylmethane (DIM) to prevent and repress tumor activity in pancreatic cancer. Experiments will determine how DIM affects the level and activity of KLF4 in pancreatic cancer cells and in mouse models, and provide information about whether other food components shown to activate KLF4 can be safely used for pancreatic cancer treatment. Texas Texas Daoyan Wei, PhD Pancreas Diindolylmethane, KLF4, cancer prevention
Dietary Control of Gene Expression by the Anti-Cancer Element Selenium (1997) Dr. Newburger studied the mechanism by which dietary selenium controls gene expression through development of a reporter gene to facilitate following dietary control by selenium. Massachusetts Massachusetts Peter E Newburger, MD Other dietary selenium
Dietary Choline Deficiency: Studies on the Early Events Leading to Hepatocarcinogenesis (1994) Dr. Zeisel continued his investigations of the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis by dietary choline deficiency. He sought to determine if choline-deficient animals will undergo early sensitizing events and later gene damaging events leading to cancer. He also sought to identify other nutrients and drugs which block this process. North Carolina North Carolina Steven H Zeisel, MD, PhD Liver choline deficiency, hepatocarcinogenesis
Dietary Carotenoids and their Metabolites as Cancer Preventive Agents (1998) Dr. Bertram investigated why beta-carotene has a protective action against cancer in laboratory animal models, but no such effect in clinical trials in humans, perhaps because metabolic products of carotene may be the actual protective agents. Hawaii Hawaii John S Bertram, PhD Other beta-carotene Grapefruit
Dietary Caloric Regulation of Gene Expression and Mammary Tumorigenesis in Transgenic Mice (1992) Dr. Sarkar examined how low- and high-calorie diets might differ in their effects on virally mediated oncogene expression and subsequent regulation of mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Georgia Georgia Nurul H Sarkar, PhD Breast caloric regulation
Dietary Antioxidants, p53 status, and Tumorigenesis in a Wnt-1 mouse Model of Human Breast Cancer (1999) Dr. Albright examined the opposing roles of dietary antioxidants, such as beta-carotene and tocopherols, versus reactive oxygen species in tumor apoptosis, using a transgenic mouse model that readily develops mammary tumors. North Carolina North Carolina Craig D Albright, PhD Breast beta-carotene, tocopherols, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis Grapefruit
Dietary Antioxidants and Transplacental Carcinogenesis (1987) Dr. Yielding sought to determine whether the consumption of antioxidants, such as the vitamins C and E, the mineral selenium, or the food additive BHT, can prevent the development of cancer during the long delay between exposure to a carcinogen and the actual appearance of the tumor. Texas Texas K. Lemone Yielding, MD Multiple Sites vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, BHT, carcinogens Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Grapefruit, Squash
Dietary Antioxidants and Protein Kinase C Oxidative Activation in Tumor Promotion (1993) Protein Kinase C (PKC), which plays a role with enzymes to regulate cell growth, is affected by antioxidants. This grant looked at how dietary antioxidants�specifically carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and selenium�affect the activation or inactivation of PKC. The main goal of this study was to understand the nutrient interactions that are effective in counteracting tumor promoters. California California Rayuda Gopalakrishna, PhD Other PKC, antioxidants, carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Grapefruit, Squash
Dietary Antioxidants and Peroxisome Proliferator-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis (1986) Dr. Glauert studied whether the development of liver cancer in rats, induced by a hypolipidemic drug, can be prevented by the antioxidants vitamin E or selenium. Kentucky Kentucky Howard P Glauert, PhD Liver vitamin E, selenium
Dietary and Environmental Estrogen Sulfation by Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferases (1995) The goals of Dr. Falany�s investigations were to determine the ability of a newly identified form of human cytosolic- and other sulfotransferases (STs) to sulfate several synthetic, natural and dietary estrogenic compounds (i.e. estrogen, estradiol, genistein, daidzein, naringenin). The action of these STs may provide possible protection against the development of hormone responsive cancers. Alabama Alabama Charles N Falany, PhD Breast Sulfotransferases (STs) Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Dietary and Chemo-suppression of Human Breast Cancer Progression in Nude Mice (1994) Dr. Liu developed combinations of dietary and chemo-suppressive therapies for the prevention of micrometastasis in breast cancer patients. The compounds tested include genistein from soy, curcumin, omega-3 fatty acids and a drug, minocyclin. It was expected that the combination therapies would result in having maximum antitumor effects with little or no toxic side-effects. New York New York Xin-Hua Liu, MD, PhD Breast genistein, soy, curcumin, omega-3 fatty acids, minocyclin
Diet, Oxidative DNA Damage and Breast Cancer Risk (1999) Dr. Thompson sought to determine the urine and blood levels of markers of oxidative stress in groups of women on diets with up to 10 servings/day of certain vegetables and fruits, in comparison with levels in women on diets with 3 servings/day of fruits and vegetables. Colorado Colorado Henry J Thompson, PhD Breast oxidative stress, fruits and vegetables Apples, Squash, Cherries
Diet, Oxidative DNA Damage and Breast Cancer Risk (1997) Dr. Thompson measured various markers for DNA damage in women on diets with either 3 or 10 daily servings of fruits and vegetables, based on the hypothesis that fruits and vegetables help decrease DNA damage. Colorado Colorado Henry J Thompson, PhD Breast DNA damage, fruits and vegetables Apples, Squash, Cherries
Diet, Lipid Peroxidation and Risk of Breast Cancer (1998) Dr. Boyd sought to correlate the levels of serum and urine levels of markers for cell damage in women on a low-fat breast cancer intervention diet with breast density, as determined by mammography. Canada Canada Norman F Boyd, MD, DSc, FRCPC Breast lipid peroxidation, low-fat breast cancer dietary intervention, breast denisty
Diet, Exercise and Murine Mammary Tumorigenesis (1987) Dr. Lane investigated whether the reduction in occurrence of breast cancer following a low-calorie or low-fat diet is a result of the diet itself or a result of changes this diet causes on the composition of the body�s tissue. Alabama Alabama Helen W Lane, PhD Breast low-calorie diet, low-fat diet, exercise
Diet, Colonic Bacterial Metabolism and Colon Cancer Risk in African Americans (2002) Dr. O�Keefe did a comparative study of colonic bacteria versus diet in groups of African Americans, Caucasian Americans and Native Africans to determine whether changes in bacterial populations might contribute to the dietary risk factors for colon cancer. Virginia Virginia Stephen J O'Keefe, MD Colon/Rectum colonic bacteria, African Americans, Caucasian Americans, Native Ameriacns, dietary risk factors
Diet in the Etiology of Stomach Cancer: Case-Control Study in Moscow (1995) In Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe, there is a very high incidence of gastric cancer. Dr. Zaridze and his colleagues conducted an epidemiological study in ten districts of Moscow to examine the relationship of dietary practices, smoking and alcohol consumption to gastric cancer. David Zaridze, MD, PhD Stomach Russia, dietary practices, smoking, alcohol
Diet in Adolescence and the Risk of Breast Cancer (1994) Dr. Lumey investigated the effect of energy and/or fat restriction during adolescence and puberty and the subsequent breast cancer rates in women who experienced these restrictions compared to women who had not. The project provided an opportunity to compare the long-term effects of energy restriction in humans and its effects on cancer risk and longevity. New York New York L.H. Lumey, MD, PhD Breast energy and fat restriction, adolescence, puberty
Diacylglycerol Accumulation During Choline Deficiency: Mechanism for Hepatic Carcinogenesis (1989) Dr. Zeisel investigated how choline deficiency enhances liver cancer. He sought to determine if the excess 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol (1,2-DAG) that accumulates in the liver during choline deficiency might activate protein kinase C (PKC) and in this way lead to tumor initiation and promotion. Massachusetts Massachusetts Steven H Zeisel, MD, PhD Liver 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol, choline definiency, protein kinase C
Development of Nutritional Antioxidant-based Strategies to Prevent Etoposide-induced Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1997) Dr. Kagan examined whether it is possible to reduce development of secondary cancer (acute myeloid leukemia) after treatment with the anticancer drug etoposide through vitamin C and E supplementation. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Valerian E Kagan, PhD, DSc Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph acute myeloid leukemia Cranberries
Detoxification of the Dietary Carcinogen N-hydroxy-PhIP: Variability in Human Colon and Relevance for Colon Cancer (2007) PhIP is a carcinogen formed from a chemical reaction in meat cooked at high temperature, causing colon cancer in rats through conversion to its hydroxylamine metabolite (NHOH-PhIP). This study examined the cellular mechanism by which NHOH-PhIP can be detoxifed by involvement of cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) and cytochrome b5 (cyt b5), while single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) account for variability in response. Wisconsin Wisconsin Lauren A Trepanier, PhD, DVM Colon/Rectum PhIP, cooked meat, hydroxylamine metabolite
Determination of Cranberry Constituents with Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Tumor Cell Lines (2003) Dr. Ferguson sought to identify components of cranberry that are responsible for its observed anticancer activity and to determine the mechanisms underlying the ability of cranberry constituents to inhibit the proliferation of prostate tumor cells and induce cell death. Canada Canada Peter J Ferguson, PhD Prostate cranberry extracts Cranberries
Determination of Cranberry Constituents with Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Tumor Cell Lines (2001) Dr. Ferguson examined different types of cranberry extracts to determine which are most active against the growth of cell lines representative of human lung, colon, breast and prostate tumors as well as melanoma. Canada Canada Peter J Ferguson, PhD Breast, Colon/Rectum, Prostate, Skin cranberry extracts Cranberries
Design and Feasibility of a Mediterranean Diet (2003) Dr. Djuric developed and tested a dietary exchange list that will help women consuming a typical American Diet to change to a more Greek-Mediterranean diet high in monounsaturated fats and rich in fruits and vegetables that may lower breast cancer risk. Michigan Michigan Zora Djuric, PhD Breast Mediterranean diet Squash, Cherries
Definition of the Immunologic Contribution of an Omega-3 Fatty Acid Source to Inhibition of UV-Carcinogenesis (1992) Dr. Black continued his investigation of different types of dietary fat from corn oil and fish oil and their ability to modify UV-carcinogenesis by regulating chemicals that control the natural immune response. Texas Texas Homer S Black, PhD Skin omega-3, corn oil, fish oil
Defined Medium for Human Breast Cells (1984) Dr. Ham developed a system for growing human breast cells in the laboratory, so that researchers studying breast cancer can experiment with normal human breast epithelial cells maintained under precisely controlled conditions. Colorado Colorado Richard G Ham, PhD Breast epithelial cells
Decreased Retinoid Response in Peroxisome Proliferator Treated Keratinocytes (1997) Dr. Aneskievich sought to determine whether various fatty acids might act as peroxisome proliferators and interfere with the beneficial effects of retinoids in regulating the growth and differentiation of malignant skin cells. Connecticut Connecticut Brian J Aneskievich, PhD Skin fatty acids, retinoids, keratinocytes Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Cyclic Fluctuations in Food Intake, Body Weight and Mammary Tumorigenesis (1991) Dr. Tagliaferro studied whether �yo-yo� dieting, alternating between low-and high-calorie diets to manage body weight, increases the development of breast cancer. New Hampshire New Hampshire Anthony R Tagliaferro, PhD Breast high-fat diet, low-fat diet
Cyclic Fluctuations in Food Intake, Body Weight and Mammary Tumorigenesis (1993) Fat and excess calories have been associated with increased risks for breast cancer while caloric restriction, in animal studies, has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of breast cancer. Dr. Tagliaferro continued his study on whether or not �yo-yo� dieting increases the risk for breast cancer. New Hampshire New Hampshire Anthony R Tagliaferro, PhD Breast high-fat diet, low-fat diet
Curcumin-Mediated Inhibition of Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis (2000) Dr. Orlowski investigated the possible inhibitory action of the spice tumeric on cancer chemotherapeutic agents, both in tumor bearing mice and in tissue culture systems. North Carolina North Carolina Robert Orlowski, MD, PhD Breast Curcumin
Coumarin Metabolism: Role in Mutagenesis and Chemoprotection (1992) Dr. Goeger evaluated whether coumarin, from edible plants, might be a useful chemopreventive agent in humans by studying its anticarcinogenic properties and metabolism in chick embryo preparations, which metabolize it similarly to human liver preparations. Texas Texas Douglas E Goeger, PhD Other coumarin, chick embryo
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone and Cancer Anorexia (2003) Many causes have been suggested for cancer anorexia but none have so far been able to explain the effects of a tumor on brain mechanisms that control feeding. This study sought to determine whether elevated levels of the brain peptide corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), which inhibits feeding in fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing rats, promotes anorexia. Ohio Ohio William T Chance, PhD Other corticotropin releasing hormone
Cooked Meat, DNA Repair Genes and Breast Cancer Risk, Recurrence and Survival (2003) Dr. Steck examined whether human subjects with both high intake of well-done meat containing carcinogens and less forms of DNA repair genes are at increased risk for breast cancer. North Carolina North Carolina Susan Steck, PhD, MPH, RD Breast cooked meat, DNA repair genes
Control of Prostate Carcinogenesis by PC-SPES (2001) Dr. Hsieh studied the mechanism by which PC-SPES, a seven component herbal preparation, inhibits growth arrest in the G1/S phase and down regulation of the prostate specific antigen. New York New York Tze-chen Hsieh, PhD Prostate PC-SPES
Control of Nuclear Retinoid Receptor Expression (1994) Dr. Niles studied the role of retinoic acid in prevention and treatment of certain types of cancer and the way these effects are mediated by nuclear retinoic acid receptors. He discovered that an important regulatory molecule, cyclic AMP, can decrease the amount of these receptors and potentially interfere with the action of retinoic acid. West Virginia West Virginia Richard M Niles, PhD Multiple Sites retinoic acid receptors, cyclic AMP
Control of Cancer Cell Growth by Vitamin A (1987) Dr. Niles studied the mechanism by which retinoic acid, a form of vitamin A, inhibits the promotion and growth of tumor cells by interacting with messengers in the cell. Massachusetts Massachusetts Richard M Niles, PhD Skin retinoic acid
Control of Cancer Cachexia by Suppression of Post Pradial Glycogenesis (1993) Dr. Emery looked at the effect of 3-mercatopicolinic acid (3-MDA) as an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis. He attempted to normalize the rate of glycogenesis in the liver in hopes of avoiding cancer cachexia and allowing for more aggressive treatments for cancer patients. United Kingdom United Kingdom Peter W Emery, PhD Other 3-mercatopicolinic acid, gluconeogenesis
Comparative Hormonal Effects of Diets Containing Soy and Animal Protein (2001) Dr. Lu studied whether both the amount and type of dietary protein may determine hormone levels and thus influence breast cancer risk. Texas Texas Lee-Jane W Lu, PhD Breast protein, soy
Colon Tumor Inhibition by N-3 Lipids: Role of a Second Messenger (1991) Dr. Broitman investigated how omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil in the diet might alter signals inside cells and thereby prevent the growth and spread of colon tumors. Massachusetts Massachusetts Selwyn A Broitman, PhD Colon/Rectum omega-3, fish oil
Colon Carcinogenesis: Nutritional Modulation of Biomakers (1991) Dr. Hardman sought to determine if cellulose fiber in the diet blocks the activation of the K-ras-oncogene and thereby decreases colon cancer. Texas Texas W. Elaine Hardman, PhD Colon/Rectum cellulose fiber, K-ras oncogene Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Colon Cancer, Vitamin A and Dietary Fat (1985) Dr. Newberne studied in rats how increasing the amount of vitamin A in the diet might lower the risk of developing colon cancer caused by eating a high-fat diet. Massachusetts Massachusetts Paul M Newberne, DVM, PhD Colon/Rectum Vitamin A
Colon Cancer Prevention by the Black Pepper Alkaloid, Piperine, and the Green Tea Polyphenol (-)- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (2010) This study is testing the hypothesis that the compounds piperine, found in black pepper, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, will synergistically inhibit inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis. Experiments will explore the effects of piperine increasing the bioavailability of ECGC both in animal models and humans. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Joshua D Lambert, PhD Colon/Rectum green tea, black pepper, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, piperine, inflammation, bioavailability
Colon Cancer Prevention by Dietary Apigenin (1996) Dr. Birt investigated whether realistic levels of the dietary flavonoid apigenin can inhibit experimental colon carcinogenesis in rats and what are the basic mechanisms for any protective action. Nebraska Nebraska Diane F Birt, PhD Colon/Rectum dietary flavonoid, apigenin
Colon Cancer Inhibition by INSP6 (1992) Dr. Shamsuddin evaluated whether dietary inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid), a component of grains, might modulate the secretion of a pre-cancerous marker for colon cancer and thus be useful in the prevention of this cancer. This study was supported by a Matching Grant from AICR and Kellogg Company. Maryland Maryland Abulkalam M Shamsuddin, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum phytic acid Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
CLA Modulation of Mammary Stroma in Breast Cancer Prevention (2002) Dr. Ip investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid as an inhibitor of the type of mammary cell growth that would favor tumor extension. New York New York Margot M Ip, PhD Breast conjugated linoleic acid
Circulating Promoters of Cancer Cachexia Asociated Lipolysis (2007) The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that one or more circulating factors present in the serum of cancer patients are responsible for cachexia. It was proposed that these factors alter adipocyte biology and fat metabolism, resulting in loss of body fat. The project was important since there are few clues as to the molecular basis of cachexia. Louisiana Louisiana Lauri O Byerley, PhD, RD Other adipocyte, lipolysis
Chronobiological Principles to Maximize Efficacy of Alternative Dietary Therapeutics (2003) Dr. Burton investigated how circadian rhythms affect vitamin D, curcumin and sodium selenite efficacy against androgen- sensitive and androgen- insensitive prostate cancer xenographs. New Jersey New Jersey Jack Burton, MD Prostate circadian rythms, vitamin D, curcumin, sodium selenite
Chronic Alcohol Intake and Chemically-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis (1988) Dr. Singletary studied whether the long-term consumption of alcohol increases the risk of developing breast cancer and if it does this by altering the normal development of breast cells or by interfering with the metabolism and disposal of carcinogens in breast tissue. Illinois Illinois Keith W Singletary, PhD Breast metabolism, carcinogens
Cholecystokinin Effect on Pancreatic Growth and Tumors (1989) Dr. Adrian sought to determine if a high-fat diet increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer because it stimulates the release of cholecystokinin, an intestinal hormone which may facilitate the development of cancer. Nebraska Nebraska Thomas E Adrian, PhD Pancreas high-fat diet, cholecystokinin
Chemopreventive Potential of Oltipraz on BOP-Induced Ductal Pancreatic Carcinoma Development in Syrian Hamsters (1993) Dr. Ruggeri studied the ability of oltipraz, a sulfur containing antioxidant similar to the anti-cancer agents found in cruciferous vegetables, to inhibit the development of abnormal and cancer lesions in the pancreas. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Bruce A Ruggeri, PhD Pancreas oltipraz, sulfur, antioxidant Squash
Chemopreventive Modulation of the Mammary Stromal Vascular Cell by Conjugated Linoleic Acid (2006) This research examined how conjugated dietary fatty acids infuence stromal cells to inhibit blood vessel growth in rat mammary tumors. New York New York Patricia Masso-Welch, PhD Breast conjugated dietary fatty acids
Chemopreventive Effects of Vitamin A (1992) Dr. Redlich investigated whether chemopreventive therapy with vitamin A might reduce both bronchial metaplasia and lung inflammation and prevent lung cancer in high risk populations. Mechanistic studies included investigating the effect of retinol and beta-carotene on cytokine biomarkers. Connecticut Connecticut Carrie A Redlich, MD, MPH Lung Vitamin A, retinol, beta-carotene Cherries, Squash, Grapefruit
Chemopreventive Effect of the Dietary Probiotic VSL#3 on Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer (2010) This study is investigating whether the consumption of specific health-promoting bacteria, taken in the form of a probiotic supplement, can prevent the development of signs of colorectal cancer that result from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study also aims to determine if the beneficial bacteria have replaced the harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract after long-term consumption of the probiotic supplement, and how the bacteria elicit beneficial effects. North Carolina North Carolina United States Christian 0 Jobin, Ph.D. Colon/Rectum Probiotic, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, VSL#3
Chemopreventive Effect of the Dietary Probiotic VSL#3 on Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer (2010) This study is investigating whether the consumption of specific health-promoting bacteria, taken in the form of a probiotic supplement, can prevent the development of signs of colorectal cancer that result from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study also aims to determine if the beneficial bacteria have replaced the harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract after long-term consumption of the probiotic supplement, and how the bacteria elicit beneficial effects. North Carolina North Carolina Christian Jobin, PhD Colon/Rectum Probiotic, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, VSL#3
Chemopreventive Effect of the Dietary Probiotic VSL#3 on Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer (2010) This study is investigating whether the consumption of specific health-promoting bacteria, taken in the form of a probiotic supplement, can prevent the development of signs of colorectal cancer that result from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study also aims to determine if the beneficial bacteria have replaced the harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract after long-term consumption of the probiotic supplement, and how the bacteria elicit beneficial effects. North Carolina North Carolina Christian Jobin, PhD Colon/Rectum Probiotic, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, VSL#3
Chemopreventive Effect of the Dietary Probiotic VSL#3 on Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer (2010) This study is investigating whether the consumption of specific health-promoting bacteria, taken in the form of a probiotic supplement, can prevent the development of signs of colorectal cancer that result from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study also aims to determine if the beneficial bacteria have replaced the harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract after long-term consumption of the probiotic supplement, and how the bacteria elicit beneficial effects. North Carolina North Carolina Christian Jobin, PhD Colon/Rectum Probiotic, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, VSL#3
Chemoprevention of Pancreatic Cancer by Dietary Monoterpenes (1996) Dr. Crowell used a hamster model of pancreatic cancer to determine whether some commonly found dietary constituents, specifically monoterpenes, can help prevent this type of cancer and to study the mechanisms of action of these monoterpenes on pancreatic cells in culture. Indiana Indiana Pamela L Crowell, PhD Pancreas monoterpenes
Chemoprevention of her2/neu Overexpressing Breast Cancer (2005) This study examined the role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, found not only in foods but also when used as a dietary supplement, as possible tumor promoting and metastasis-preventing agents. New York New York Margot M Ip, PhD Breast conjugated linoleic acid, dietary supplements, her2/neu
Chemoprevention of HER2/NEU Overexpressing Breast Cancer (2008) Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a family of fatty acids, occurring in dairy products and ruminant meat is a potent inhibitor of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. This study focused on elucidation of the mechanisms for the tumourigenesis stimulatory effects of t10,c12-CLA on erbB2/her2/neu overexpressing mammary epithelium in mice. It investigated the role of stromal-epithelium interactions, the possible role of IGF-1/insulin receptor mediated signal route, and examined the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/CXC4 signal pathway. New York New York Margot M Ip, PhD Breast conjucated linoleic acid, her2/neu
Chemoprevention of Her2 Positive Breast Cancer by Red Wine Phytochemicals (2007) This study investigated the inhibition of breast cancer risk by red wine phytochemicals due to suppression of HER2 oncogene and HER2 signalling in adult mice, and determined whether aromatase inhibitors in red wine given during prepuberty increase breast cancer risk. Texas Texas Nameer Kirma, PhD Breast red wine, phytochemicals, her2, aromatase inhibitors
Chemoprevention of DSS-induced Colitis and Colorectal Cancer by Dietary Vitamin D in Mice with Defective TGF Signaling (2009) Dr. Maggio-Price examined how vitamin D helps to regulate genes that keep colon cells healthy and cancer-free. Washington Washington Lillian Maggio-Price, PhD, VMD Colon/Rectum DSS-induced colitis, TGF signaling
Chemoprevention of Dietary Carcinogen, 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo [4,5-b] Pyridine(PhIP) Induced Colon Cancer by Sulforaphane (2003) Dr. Thimmulappa investigated how the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane, from broccoli, can prevent dietary carcinogens derived from cooked red meat inducing colon cancer. Maryland Maryland Rajesh K Thimmulappa, PhD Colon/Rectum sulforaphane, broccoli, cooked red meat Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables
Chemoprevention of Colon Cancer Using Bromelain from Pineapple (2006) This study used bromelain from pineapples to decrease the appearance of infammation, which is a precursor to intestinal cancer in a mouse model. North Carolina North Carolina Laura P Hale, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum bromelain, pineapples, inflammation Apples
Chemoprevention of Cancer: Control by ?-Carotene and Retinoids of Growth, Differentiation, and Viral Gene Expression in HPV16-Transformed Human Epithelial Cell (1988) Dr. Creek investigated whether vitamin A or its precursor beta-carotene can control the development of cancer, by examining their effect on the growth and differentiation of human skin cells which have been altered by a virus involved in cervical cancer. South Carolina South Carolina Kim E Creek, PhD Cervix beta-carotene, HPV Grapefruit
Chemoprevention of Cancer: Control by Retinoic Acid of the Early Stages of Human Keratinocyte Transformation by Oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses (1991) Dr. Creek investigated whether retinoic acid inhibits the transformation, growth, and differentiation of skin cells infected with human papillomavirus by inhibiting the expression of cancer-causing genes called oncogenes. South Carolina South Carolina Kim E Creek, PhD Cervix retinoic acid, HPV
Chemoprevention of Cancer by Cabbage Extracts (1986) Dr. Bresnick tested whether the addition of large amounts of cabbage to the diet can prevent the development of breast cancer or the spread of cancer to the lungs. Nebraska Nebraska Edward Bresnick, PhD Breast cabbage
Chemoprevention of Angiogenesis and Brain Tumor Growth by Copper Reduction (1995) Based on the observation that withdrawal of the micronutrient copper suppressed intracerebral tumor growth in animal models, Dr. Brem studied the molecular process by which dietary copper is needed for angiogenesis. Illinois Illinois Steven Brem, MD Nervous System copper, brain tumor
Chemoprevention by the Isoflavone Genistein in a Rat Model of Breast Cancer (1992) Dr. Barnes evaluated the effectiveness of genistein, an isoflavone in soybeans, in preventing breast cancer and studied if the cancer preventive properties of genistein might be enhanced by other natural ingredients in soybeans. This project was supported by a matching grant from AICR and Protein Technologies International. Alabama Alabama Stephen Barnes, PhD Breast
Chemoprevention by the Bitter Principles of Citrus Fruits (1988) Dr. Lam explored the possibility that certain bitter-tasting substances found in citrus fruits can stimulate the body�s natural metabolic defenses to deactivate potential carcinogens. Minnesota Minnesota Luke K Lam, PhD Breast, Lung, Stomach citrus fruits Apples, Cherries
Chemoprevention and the BMI-1 Polycomb Gene (2007) The polycomb group of genes encode proteins that enhance cell survival. Bmi-1 is a protein that is over expressed in skin cancer cells. This study examined how EGCG reduces Bmi-1 levels and activity. Maryland Maryland Richard L Eckert, PhD Skin EGCG, Bmi-1
Characterization of Retinoic Acid Receptors and Their Role in the Chemoprevention of Cancer (1992) Dr. Niles sought to determine the mechanism by which vitamin A works to regulate and retard the growth of cancer cells. His previous research indicated that regulation is linked to three different retinoid receptors, which characterized in this study. West Virginia West Virginia Richard M Niles, PhD Other retinoic acid receptors
Cereal Derived (1-3), (1-4)-beta-Glucan Enhances Anti-tumor Immunity (2003) Dr. Cheung�s studied if dietary beta-glucan enhances the anti-tumor effect of specific IgM antibodies against small cell lung cancer as well as the effects of anti-tumor vaccines that induce IgM antibodies on lymphoma and melanoma. New York New York Nai-Kong Cheung, MD, PhD Lung, Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph, Skin beta-glucan, IgM antibodies, small cell lung cancer
Cellulose Structure and Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis (1989) Dr. Penner examined how differences in the physical structure of dietary fiber can affect its capacity to prevent colon cancer. Oregon Oregon Michael H Penner, PhD Colon/Rectum cellulose structure Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Cellular Retinol Binding Protein and Breast Cancer (1997) Dr. Talmage studied the involvement of cellular proteins which bind to the vitamin A derivatives, in this case retinol, in the suppression of and death of breast cancer cells, using human breast cancer cells as the model. New York New York David A Talmage, PhD Breast retinol
Cellular Proliferation in the Breast (1992) Dr. Boyd sought to determine if a change to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet can reduce human mammary epithelial cell proliferation in benign breast disease and lower breast cancer risk. A quantitative image analysis system was used to evaluate needle biopsies of breast epithelial cells. Canada Canada Norman F Boyd, MD, DSc, FRCPC Breast low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, benign breast disease
Cell Proliferation and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Zinc-deficient Rats (2004) This study investigated the effect of zinc defcient diets on the processes of cell growth and death, using the rat esophagus as a model system. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Louise Y Fong, PhD Esophagus zinc deficiency
Cell Proliferation and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Zinc Deficient Rats (1997) Dr. Fong characterized the cell cycle factors involved in the increased cell proliferation of the esophageal cells of rats treated with a carcinogen while on a zinc deficient diet. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Louise Y Fong, PhD Esophagus zinc deficiency
Cell Proliferation and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Zinc Deficient Rats (1999) Dr. Fong investigated the role of cell growth and death and various regulatory genes and proteins in esophageal carcinogenesis, using rats fed a zinc deficient diet as a model. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Louise Y Fong, PhD Esophagus zinc deficiency
Cell Proliferation and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Zinc Deficient Rats (2002) Dr. Fong studied the effect of zinc deficient diets on the processes of cell growth and death, using the rat esophagus as a model system. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Louise Y Fong, PhD Esophagus zinc deficiency
Cell Proliferation and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Zinc Deficient Rats (1995) During the previous funding period, Dr. Fong obtained data to demonstrate that esophageal tumor incidence was 100% in the zinc deficient versus 23% and 7% in the zinc sufficient and ad libitum pair fed rats. She found that prolonged cell proliferation induced by zinc deficiency can lead to esophageal tumorigenesis. Dr. Fong continued her biochemical analysis of tissues collected to further clarify the relationship of zinc to carcinogenesis. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Louise Y Fong, PhD Esophagus zinc deficiency
Causal Relationship Between Fusel Alcohols and Esophageal Cancer (1992) Dr. Newberne evaluated whether fusel alcohols, contaminants found in inexpensive wines and apple-based spirits, might enhance or promote cancer of the esophagus that is induced by methylbenzylnitrosamine in rats. Massachusetts Massachusetts Paul M Newberne, DVM, PhD Esophagus fusel alcohol, methylbenzylnitrosamine Apples
Carotenoid Effects on Transcription and Growth in Tumors (1994) Dr. Benbrook investigated the mechanism by which dietary carotenoids, after being converted into retinoic acid in the body, inhibit the growth and development of tumors. Specifically, her studies aimed to discover how carotenoids and vitamin A change the balance of proteins that make up a cell. Using a cervical cancer cell system, she sought to determine how these nutrients inhibit cervical tumor growth. Oklahoma Oklahoma Doris M Benbrook, PhD Cervix retinoic acid Squash
Cancer Preventive Effects of Beta-Carotene: Possible Mechanism of Action (1983) Dr. Alam tested whether the addition of beta-carotene to the diet can prevent the growth of salivary gland tumors and whether this beta-carotene affects the composition or the functioning of the membranes in the normal gland and in tumors. Louisiana Louisiana Syed Q Alam, PhD Head and Neck beta-carotene Grapefruit
Cancer Prevention with Dietary Potassium Hydrogen Glucarate (1992) Dr. Walaszek is comparing the ability of potassium and calcium salts of D-glucarate in preventing the chemical induction of mammary gland cancer in rats and will determine the effect of the glucarate on beta-glucuronidase and proliferative activity in the mammary tumors. Texas Texas Zbigniew Walaszek, PhD Breast potassium, calcium, D-glucarate
Cancer Chemoprotective Activities by Dietary Phytochemicals (2007) 0 Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Other
Cancer Chemoprotective Activities by Dietary Phytochemicals (2007) 0 Maryland Maryland Paul Talalay, PhD Other
Cancer Chemoprevention by Green Tea Polyphenols (1990) Dr. Mukhtar sought to determine whether extracts from green tea might prevent chemicals from causing tumors of the skin, lung, and forestomach of mice. While he fed the mice the tea extracts for potential protection, he exposed the mice to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These are chemicals in the environment that are known to cause cancer. Ohio Ohio Hasan Mukhtar, PhD Lung, Skin, Stomach green tea, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Cancer Chemoprevention by Green Tea Components (1992) Dr. Mukhtar studied the inhibitory effects of green tea extracts (fed in the drinking water) on chemically-induced skin, lung, and forestomach cancers in mice. Ohio Ohio Hasan Mukhtar, PhD Skin green tea extracts
Cancer Chemoprevention by Curcumin: Mechanistic Studies (1995) Dr. Limtrakul sought to determine whether dietary curcumin, a food seasoning, would inhibit skin carcinogenesis in animal models. To investigate the mechanism of action by which curcumin affects genetic changes in carcinogen-induced responsive genes, she studied the expression of v-ras and v-fos oncogenes and protein kinase C gene families in the mouse epidermis after treatment with different diets. Thailand Thailand Porn-ngam Limtrakul, PhD Skin curcumin, v-ras, v-fos, oncogenes, protein kinase C
Cancer Anorexia: Peripheral Manifestation of Abnormal Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter Status Secondary to Cancer (2001) Dr. Meguid used a rat model of cancer anorexia to determine the role of neurotransmitters, their interactoins, and how branched chain amino acid supplementation is effective in anorexia. New York New York Michael M Meguid, MD, PhD, FACS Other cachexia, neurotransmitters, branched chain amino acid
Can Putative Preneoplastic Foci be Used to Evaluate Inhibitors of Colon Carcinogenesis (1989) Dr. Pretlow sought to determine whether early changes in colon tissue, such as enzyme-altered foci and aberrant crypts, can be used to predict increased risk for colon cancer and whether selenium or phytate in fiber-rich foods can prevent the transition to colon cancer. Ohio Ohio Theresa P Pretlow, PhD Colon/Rectum enzyme-altered foci, abberant crypts, selenium, phytate Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Calorie Restriction, Lipid Peroxidation, and Mammary Tumor Prevention (2009) Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. This study examined the role reduced caloric intake may play in reducing breast cancer risk. Studies have shown that periods of intermittent caloric restriction may provide protection from tumor development. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between lipid peroxidation and intermittent caloric restriction as compared to ad libitum feeding or chronic caloric restriction. Minnesota Minnesota Christine Seppanen, PhD Breast caolric restriction, lipid peroxidation
Caloric Restriction, Aberrant Crypt Foci and Development of Colon Cancer (1995) Dr. Bird investigated whether high or low fat diets and caloric restriction alter the response, in an animal model, to determine whether aberrant crypt foci (ACF) can predict carcinogenicity. Using the ACF system, Dr. Bird sought to determine if colon cancer development can be prevented in high risk individuals by dietary means. Canada Canada Ranjana P Bird, PhD Colon/Rectum high-fat diet, low-fat diet, aberrant crypt foci, caloric restriction
Caloric Restriction and Gene Expression in Agouti Mice (1994) Dr. Visek investigated how dietary fat and calories alter the expression of genes to enhance the development of breast cancer. By identifying individual diet-regulated genes, particularly those which respond to caloric restriction, Dr. Visek studied their expression during tumor formation under various dietary conditions. Illinois Illinois Willard J Visek, MD, PhD Breast calories, diet-regulated genes
Calcium and Vitamin D Interactions in Prostate Carcinogenesis (2005) This study examined the role of interactions between vitamin D and calcium in prostate carcinogenesis. A novel and intriguing hypothesis was tested to explain the relationship of elevated prostate cancer risk associated with higher calcium intakes, specifcally that the dietary calcium blocks the hydroxylation of 25-OH D to 1,25(OH)2D in the kidney, in a mouse transgenic model. Ohio Ohio Steven K Clinton, MD, PhD Prostate calcium
Butyrate-mediated Signal Transduction in Colonocytes: Role of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (1995) Dr. Aukema investigatedthe diverse actions of butyrate, a major by-product of dietary fiber breakdown by bacteria in the colon, on cell proliferation. Using a unique colonic cell culture system, Dr. Aukema sought to determine the effect of butyrate under conditions seen with tumor cell cultures and under normal conditions to elucidate the potential anti-cancer properties of dietary fiber. Texas Texas Harold M Aukema, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Squash, Cherries
Breast Cancer Prevention by CLA Modulation of Mammary Stromal Differentiation (1999) Dr. Ip studied different isomers of conjugated linoleic acid for their effects on various cell growth processes, with emphasis on angiogenesis and capillary invasion of tumors. New York New York Margot M Ip, PhD Breast conjugated linoleic acid
Breast Cancer Cell Cycle Protein Regulation by a Metabolite of Vitamin A (1996) The role of estrogen and of the estrogen receptor on regulation of the Bcl-2 gene, implicated as necessary for survival of the MCF-7 line of breast cancer cells, was investigated by Dr. Pratt. Further, the function of progestins and various growth factors in regulating Bcl-2 and other members of this gene family were examined. Canada Canada M.A. Christine Pratt, PhD Breast estrogen, Bcl-2 gene, progestins, growth factor
Breast Cancer and eNOS Suppression by Quercetin (2005) The intent of this postdoctoral application was to determine how quercetin inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, to characterize the effect of quercetin on endothelial cell proliferation and to establish the capacity of quercetin to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Georgia Georgia Steven J Jackson, MS, PhD Breast quercetin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Blueberries, Apples
Branched Chain Amino Acid-Enriched Total Parental Nutrition in Cancer Cachexia (1983) Dr. Bistrian sought to determine if feeding a special mixture of amino acids can stimulate cachectic cancer patients to synthesize proteins normally after consuming a conventional mixture of amino acids. Massachusetts Massachusetts Bruce R Bistrian, MD, PhD Other amino acids
Biologic Effects of Flaxseed in Patients with Breast Cancer (1996) In this intervention study, Dr. Thompson investigated the effect of dietary flaxseed (baked in a muffin) in postmenopausal women with breast cancer, and evaluated levels of plasma sex hormones, urinary lignan excretion and tumor growth as markers of any influence flaxseed may have to inhibit breast cancer. Canada Canada Lilian U Thompson, PhD Breast flaxseed Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Biologic Effect of Beta-cryotixanthin on Smoke-induced Lung Lessions in Ferrets (2007) The purpose of this application was to determine the chemopreventive effects of beta-cryptoxanthin on tobacco smoke-induced lung lesions in a ferret animal model and to determine the effects of various molecular markers as well as DNA damage in the lungs of ferrets. Massachusetts Massachusetts Chun Liu, MD Lung beta-cryptoxanthin, tobacco smoke, lung lesions, DNA damage
Bioflavonoids and Prostatic Cancer Metastasis in Transgenic Mice (1998) Dr. Markaverich sought to determine the effect of two dietary bioflavonoids on the establishment, progression and metastatic potential of prostate cancer in a mouse model which mimics prostate cancer in humans. Texas Texas Barry Markaverich, PhD Prostate bioflavonoids
Bioflavonoid Inhibition of Carcinogenesis (1986) Dr. Markaverich studied how certain substances found in fruits and vegetables can inhibit the development of cancer by interfering with DNA synthesis and the reproduction of cells. Texas Texas Barry M Markaverich, PhD Breast bioflavonoids Squash, Cherries
Biochemical Toxicology of Novel Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Cooked Meats (2005) This study investigated the formation of possible novel heterocyclic amines in cooked meats and whether preliminary tests show a cancer risk. New York New York Robert Turesky, PhD Other heterocyclic amines, meat intake
Biochemical and Molecular Basis for the Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Dietary Selenium Supplementation (1998) Dr. Nelson studied the chemopreventive effects of selenomethionine on the molecular processes involved in colon carcinogenesis in rats, especially with regards to intracellular polyamine levels and their effects on cell characteristics such as proliferation and apoptosis. Arizona Arizona Mark A Nelson, PhD Colon/Rectum Selenium
Biochemical and Molecular Basis for the Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Dietary Selenium Supplementation (2001) Dr. Nelson examined cellular components for their possible role in cancer chemopreventive action of dietary selenium compounds. Arizona Arizona Mark A Nelson, PhD Colon/Rectum Selenium
Bioavailability of Dietary Glutathione as an Anticarcinogen (1987) Dr. Jones sought to determine which foods contain glutathione, a natural compound important in the metabolic inactivation of carcinogens, and how glutathione is digested and absorbed from the diet. Georgia Georgia Dean P Jones, PhD Other glutathione
Beta-Carotene Modulation of Lymphokine Activated Killer Cell Activity (1991) Dr. Akporiaye investigated how beta-carotene might turn on our natural immune response, by stimulating LAK or lymphokine activated killer cells, to inhibit the growth of tumors. Arizona Arizona Emmanuel T Akporiaye, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph beta-carotene Grapefruit
Benefit of Walnut Consumption Against Cancer (2005) Dr. Hardman�s studies were designed to determine if consumption of clinically relevant amounts of walnuts in diet could slow the growth of invasive human breast cancer cells implanted in laboratory mice. West Virginia West Virginia W. Elaine Hardman, PhD Breast Walnuts
Benefit of Walnut Consumption Against Breast and Prostate Cancer (2007) In this study, Dr. Hardman sought to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of walnuts in delaying the development and progression of breast and prostate cancer. Dr. Hardman used a special transgenic mouse model to better understand the alterations of molecular pathways related to carcinogenesis, metastasis and treatment. West Virginia West Virginia W. Elaine Hardman, PhD Breast Walnuts
Azoxymethane-induced Colon Cancer in Rats Fed Varying Levels of Bean(Phaseolous vulgaris) Dietary Fiber (1991) Dr. Hughes sought to determine whether fiber from pinto beans in the diet may prevent the development of colon cancer. Arizona Arizona Joseph S Hughes, PhD Colon/Rectum fiber, pinto beans Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Attenuation of Cancer Cachexia by Reduction of TNF and IL-1 Productions (1993) TNF? and IL-1? play an active role in the cancer process by suppressing appetite, inducing sleepiness, fever, pain, and breaking down fat and muscle tissue in cancer patients. Curcumin, a component of curry and an antioxidant, reduces the production of TNF? and IL-1? in a leukemia cell line. Dr. Chan studied a variety of spices and herbs to see if they would inhibit TNF? and IL-1? and studied the mechanisms by which this occurs in a mouse model. New Jersey New Jersey Marion M Chan, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph TNF? and IL-1?, curcumin, leukemia
Assessment of Risk of Preneoplastic Lesions in Respiratory Epithelia of Smokers (1990) Dr. Hine sought to determine whether deficiencies in folic acid and vitamin B12 might increase the susceptibility to cancer causing agents. She also explored whether low levels of the vitamins are associated with increased damage to DNA, the genetic material, a condition that precedes tumor development. The studies were done in smokers to see if the vitamin deficiencies predispose them to mouth and lung cancer. Alabama Alabama R. Jean Hine, PhD Lung, Oral Vitamin B12, lung, head and neck
Assessing the Specificity of Walnut Feeding Effects on TRAMP Tumor Growth (2010) This animal study is investigating the possible role of whole walnuts and/or its fats in the development of prostate cancer. Experiments will determine how different walnut-focused diets effect tumor growth, genes, and cell-signaling proteins, as well as examine the concept of food synergy. California California Paul Davis, PhD Prostate walnuts
Assays on Blood & Urine Specimens Obtained in a Human Subject Survey on Diet & Cancer Relationships in The Peoples Republic of China (1983) A survey of possible causes of cancer and other diseases was undertaken in 64 mostly rural counties of the People�s Republic of China, with particular focus on dietary habits. Approximately 330 items of information were documented for 6500 adults, derived from 1) a 3-day dietary survey, 2) analyses of blood, urine, and food samples, and 3) collation of responses to questionnaires about personal lifestyles. The objective of the study was to examine the contribution of various environmental factors to disease risk in the context of the complexities of the human environment. New York New York T. Colin Campbell, PhD Breast, Colon/Rectum, Esophagus, Liver, Lung, Nasopharynx, Stomach China, dietary habits, environmental risk factors Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Ascorbyl Esters as Antiglioma Agents: Mechanistic Study (1994) Dr. Kulkarni found that ascorbyl stearate, vitamin C, is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase and lipoxygenase, important enzymes for growth and proliferation of glioma (tumor) cells in culture. Screening ascorbyl derivatives as inhibitors of these enzymes in glioma cells in vitro, he sought to identify the most effective compounds for in vivo studies. Dr. Kulkarni�s long-term goal was to identify effective non-toxic therapeutic agents that can minimize drug resistance in tumor cells or act as antiglioma agents. Florida Florida Arun P Kulkarni, PhD Nervous System glutathione S-transferase, lipoxygenase, glioma Cranberries
Antitumor Effects of Dietary Isothiocyanates on Prostate Cancer (2001) Dr. Tan investigated whether some isothiocyanates from vegetables can prevent prostate cancer in a mouse model. Texas Texas Tse-Hua Tan, PhD Prostate isothiocyanates, vegetables Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Squash
Antiproliferative Effects of Organosulfur Compounds in Garlic on Human Lung Tumor Cells (1995) Dr. Milner aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of an oil-soluble garlic constituent on human lung cancer cells. His studies sought to expand the understanding of the importance of minor dietary sulfur compounds found in garlic as modifiers of tumor growth. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania John A Milner, PhD Lung garlic
Antioxidative Status of Children on Treatment for ALL (1998) In this project, Dr. Kelly examined whether children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have low serum antioxidant levels, as well as increased markers of oxidative stress, even if the dietary intake is sufficient; in addition the influence of chemotherapy on the markers of stress were studied. New York New York Kara Kelly, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph acute lymphoblastic leukemia, children, oxidative stress
Antimetastatic and Anticarciongenic Effect of High-Selenium Soybeans (1998) Dr. Yan tested the hypothesis that high-selenium soybeans have a greater inhibitory effect than low-selenium soybeans on cancer metastasis in mice and on the development of primary tumors in a rat mammary tumor model. Nebraska Nebraska Lin Yan, PhD Breast selenium, soy beans
Antimetabolite Therapy of Tumor-Bearing Rats Receiving Total Parenteral (1986) Dr. Chance studied combination cancer therapy using a drug called acivicin and insulin. He found that this therapy appears to prevent tumor growth and reduce the amount of weight loss in rats receiving parenteral nutrition. Ohio Ohio William T Chance, PhD Other acivicin, insulin, tumor growth
Anticarcinogenicity of Dietary Flavonol Quercetin (1986) Dr. Verma sought to determine if a substance called quercetin, commonly found in vegetables and fruits, can interfere with the development of skin cancer. Wisconsin Wisconsin Ajit K Verma, PhD Skin quercetin Blueberries, Apples, Squash, Cherries
Anticarcinogenesis Activity of Selenium (1984) Dr. Marshall studied if the risk of developing cancer is increased by a diet deficient in selenium or decreased by supplementing the diet with selenium. Texas Texas Milton V Marshall, PhD Other selenium
Anticancer Effects of Oils from an Echinoderm (2000) Dr. Adrian investigated whether oils extracted from the sea cucumber, an echinoderm, can suppress the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells implanted into athymic mice. Nebraska Nebraska Thomas E Adrian, PhD Pancreas sea cucumber
Anticancer Effects of Mixed Disulfide Conjugates of Allium Thiosulfinates and Cysteine/glutathione (2010) This laboratory study is testing if the allium sulfur compounds cysteine and glutathione are the dietary factors derived from allium vegetables that play a role in cancer risk reduction. Cell experiments will determine the effect the compounds have on elevating cellular defenses to oxidative stress and inflammation. Wisconsin Wisconsin Kirk Parkin, PhD Breast, Colon/Rectum, Liver, Prostate Alliums, vegetables, sulfur, inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidants, thiosulfinates, glutathione, cysteine Squash
Anticancer Actions of Beta-Carotene Oxidation Products (2001) Dr. Canfield separated and identified the numerous compounds formed during oxidation of beta-carotine and studied their inhibitory action on several cancer cell lines. Arizona Arizona Louise M Canfield, PhD Lung beta-carotene Grapefruit
Anti-Photocarcinogenic Effect of Dietary Lycopene (2004) This study frst tested whether the carotenoid lycopene can prevent the development of UVB induced skin cancer in a mouse model. It then evaluated the subsequent therapeutic effcacy of lycopene on established skin tumors in this system. New York New York Huachen Wei, MD, PhD Skin lycopene, UVB Grapefruit
Anti-Angiogenesis Effects of IP6 (2002) Dr. Vucenik examined the action of inositol hexaphosphate or phytic acid from cereal products as an inhibitor of the growth of new blood vessels in tumor cells, presumably through reduction of growth enhancing factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor. Maryland Maryland Ivana Vucenik, PhD Other phytic acid, growth factor Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
Anthropometrics and Exercise Throughout Life and Prostate Cancer (2005) This study investigated the effects of height, weight and physical activity at various ages, and age of sexual maturation, on the risk for prostate cancer, based on the assumption that obesity, inactivity and earlier sexual maturation increase prostate cancer risk. Washington Washington J. Emily J White, PhD Prostate height, weight, physical activity, age, sexual maturation, obestiy
Androgen Receptor Expression Regulation by Omega-3 fatty Acids in Prostate Cancer (2006) This study examined whether omega-3 fatty acids prevent or slow progression of prostate cancer by modulation expression of androgen receptor, a protein critical for prostate cancer cell growth. Texas Texas Linda A deGraffenried, PhD Prostate omega-3, androgen receptor, protein
an walnuts slow tumor growth and delay cancer-associated cachexia (2012) Dr. Byerley is testing whether diets rich in walnuts will slow tumor growth and thus slow cancer-associated cachexia (wasting). Louisiana Louisiana Lauri O Byerley, PhD, RD Other
AMPK: a Mediator of Caloric Restriction's Ability to Suppress Cancer (2006) This study identifed the signalling pathways affected by caloric restriction that infuence tumor suppression and longevity. The hypothesis was that caloric restriction activates AMP-activated protein kinase, which phosphorylates and increases the activity of the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors, resulting in the inhibition of cell growth and/or apoptosis. California California Anne Brunet, PhD Other AMPK, caloric restriction
Amino Acid Regulated Gene Expression in Tumorgenesis (2002) Dr. Thompson examined the role of dietary amino acids, especially arginine, in regulating genes involved in human liver cancer development and progression and sought to identify other genes in this category. Rhode Island Rhode Island Nancy L Thompson, PhD Liver arginine
Amino Acid Modification of Total Parenteral Nutrition in Cancer Therapy (1987) Dr. Grossie explored the possibility that total parenteral nutrition feeding can be used to simultaneously nourish a cachectic cancer patient and starve his tumor by excluding certain substances from the liquid needed for the synthesis of polyamines, which are essential for the growth of a tumor. Texas Texas Bruce Grossie, PhD Other cachexia, parenteral nutrition, polyamines
Amelioration of Adriamycin Cardiotoxicity by Dietary Antioxidants (1984) Dr. Misra sought to determine whether dietary antioxidants, including vitamin E, can protect the heart muscle from tissue damage caused by the potent anti-cancer drug adriamycin. Virginia Virginia Hara P Misra, PhD Other vitamin E, adriamycin
Altered Imprinting Against Mammary Cancer (1992) Dr. Lamartiniere investigated if genistein, an extract from soybeans, provided early after birth, might afford long-term protection against breast cancer. Alabama Alabama Coral A Lamartiniere, PhD Breast Genistein, soy
Alcohol and Breast Cancer in a Rat Model (1986) Dr. Rogers studied female rats exposed to a potent carcinogen and whether or not the consumption of a moderate amount of alcohol increases the development of breast cancer. Massachusetts Massachusetts Adrianne E Rogers, MD Breast carcinogens
alcium, Vitamin D and Colon Carcinogenesi (1987) Dr. Glauert sought to determine whether increased levels of calcium and vitamin D in the diet, either alone or in combination, can prevent the development of colon cancer. Kentucky Kentucky Howard P Glauert, PhD Colon/Rectum calcium, vitamin D
Age of Diet Modification as Related to Mammary Cancer (1984) Dr. Silverman studied whether changing to a low-fat diet before or during puberty can cause a greater reduction in the development of breast cancer rather than switching to a low-fat diet later in life. Ohio Ohio Jerald Silverman, DVM Breast low-fat diet, puberty
Aerobic Work and Breast Cancer Prevention (1986) Dr. Thompson studied how the intensity, duration, and the timing of exercise, together with the level of fat in the diet, affect the development of breast cancer. Colorado Colorado Henry J Thompson, PhD Breast fat, diet
Adolescent Diet and Lifestyle Factors and Colorectal Adenoma (2009) Dr. Wu is analyzed the link between adolescent diets and colorectal cancer risk later in life among a large group of adult women. Massachusetts Massachusetts Kana Wu, MD, MPH, PhD Colon/Rectum adolescent diet, physical inactivity, body fatness, alcohol, meat intake, height
Adolescent Diet and Benign Breast Disease (2009) Dr. Frazier studied the link between adolescent lifestyle and breast cancer risk later in life by tracking the diets and activity levels of more than 9,000 girls aged 9-17. Massachusetts Massachusetts Lindsay Frazier, MD, ScM Breast fiber, vitamin D, red meat, milk, adolescents Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Adiponectin in Colon Cancer-An Interventional Study (2008) Dr. Mantzoros studied the effect of adiponectin or walnut diet on an animal model of colon cancer to determine the effects on growth, development and metastasis. This project was supported by a matching grant from AICR and The California Walnut Commission. Massachusetts Massachusetts Christos Mantzoros, MD, DSc Colon/Rectum
Adherence to the Behavioral Tenets of the 1997 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommedations in Four Nations as Assessed by Prospective Evaluation (2006) This postdoctoral proposal evaluated dietary compliance with WCRF/AICR guidelines in populations from Guatemala, Mexico, The Netherlands and Scotland. Guatemala Guatemala Marieke Vossenaar, PhD Other WCRF/AICR guidelines, Guatemala, Mexico, The Netherlands, Scotland
Activation of a Tumor Suppressor Gene by Nutrient Derivatives (1996) Dr. Steinman investigated whether the protective action of butyrate, found in dietary fiber, against colon cancer involves activation of a tumor suppressor gene named p21(WAF1) by following the presence of this gene in colon biopsy samples from patients on high or low fiber diets. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Richard Steinman, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum butyrate, p21(WAF1) tumor supprossor gene, high-fiber diet, low-fiber diet Apples, Blueberries, Broccoli & Cruciferous Vegetables, Cherries, Cranberries, Flaxseed, Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils), Soy, Squash, Grapefruit
Acetlytransferase and Diet as Determinants of Cancer (1998) Dr. Lawson explored the dietary habits and levels of certain detoxifying enzymes in pancreatic cancer patients and comparing these parameters with those in control to determine the relative influence of each factor in the disease. Nebraska Nebraska Terence A Lawson, PhD Pancreas enzymes, dietary habits
Abnormal Receptor of a Vitamin A Derivative in Promyelocytic Leukemia (1998) Dr. Redner continued to pursue the hypothesis that a nucleolar nucleophosmin-retinoid acid receptor gene blocks differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia through competition for retinoic acid receptors. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robert L Redner, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph retinoic acid receptors, acute promyelocytic leukemia
Abnormal Receptor for a Vitamin A Derivative in Promyelocytic Leukemia (1996) Based on preliminary results that showed that the specific fusion protein (NPM-RAR) inhibits differentiation of myeloid cells, Dr. Redner continued his investigations into the mechanism whereby NPM-RAR might alter vitamin A signaling and may compete with retinoic acid receptors for binding to a family of proteins which are essential to retinoic acid receptor function. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robert L Redner, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph NPM-RAR, vitamin A, retinoic acid, actue promyelocytic leukemia
Abnormal Receptor for a Vitamin A Derivative in Promyelocytic Leukemia (2001) Dr. Redner investigated, through study of fusion protein formed from the retinoic acid receptor gene and the amino terminus of the nucleophosmin gene, how retinoic acid reverses the differentiation defect in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robert L Redner, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph retinoic acid receptors, acute promyelocytic leukemia
Abnormal Receptor for a Vitamin A Derivative in Promyelocytic Leukemia (1994) Based on the observation that Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) can be reversed by treatment with retinoic acid, a natural derivative of vitamin A, Dr. Redner investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the success of this therapy in APL. He sought to determine whether a specific abnormal fusion protein (NPM-RAR) interferes with the function of the normal retinoic acid receptor protein. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Robert Redner, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph acute promyelocytic leukemia, retinoic acid, vitamin A, abnormal fusion protein
Abnormal Gene Regulation By Calcium and Vitamin D In Squamous Cell Carcinoma (1992) Dr. Bikle evaluated how calcium and vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) regulate the expression of genes important for differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. He attempted to ascertain if abnormal gene regulation might be due to missing mediators of calcium and vitamin D. California California Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Skin Vitamin D, calcium, squamous cell carcinoma
Ability of n-3 Fatty Acids to Influence Colon Tumor Formation by Modulating Estrogen Action (2007) This study examined the relationship between a fish oil diet and estradiol using an estrogen receptor (ER)-beta knockout animal model and investigated the mechanisms of cross-talk between PPAR-gamma and ER-beta using human colon cancer cells in culture. Results of the study were expected to increase understanding of the mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing risk of premenopausal women to colon cancer. Texas Texas Clinton D Allred, PhD Colon/Rectum estrogen receptor, PPAR-gamma, ER-beta, omega-3
A Validation Study for a Chinese Food Frequency Questionaire (1998) Dr. Huang developed and validated a food frequency questionnaire for China, to have better knowledge of nutrient data and associations between dietary factors, lifestyle and chronic disease, especially cancer. New York New York Zhiping Huang, PhD Other China, dietary factors, lifestyle, chronic disease
A Study of Alpha and Gamma Tocopherol and Modulation of PPARs: Chemopreventitives in Colon Cancer (2005) This study was designed to determine if gamma-tocopherol, one of the tocotrienols of vitamin E, induces growth arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines through a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma mechanism. This research was based on epidemiological studies suggesting that vitamin E negatively correlates with the incidence of colon cancer, and that the anti-proliferative effects of vitamin E are associated with PPAR-gamma. Tennessee Tennessee Sharon E Campbell, PhD Colon/Rectum gamma-tocopherol, apoptosis, PPAR-gamma
A Randomized Double-Blinded Efficacy Trial of Alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) in Patients with Persistent or Severe Breast Pain (1983) Dr. Byrne studied the role of vitamin E in persistent breast pain in women who suffer from various forms of fibrocystic breast disease, a condition which, in some cases, causes an increased risk for breast cancer. District of Columbia District of Columbia Patrick J Byrne, MD Breast fibrocystic breast disease
A Prospective Study of Diet and Breast Cancer in Mexico: A Feasibility Study (2005) The diets of a group of Mexican women were studied to examine associations with breast cancer incidence. Mexico Mexico Isabelle Romieu, MD, MPH, ScD Breast diet, Mexico Cranberries
A Potential Role for Ascorbic Acid as a Chemosensitizing Agent in Multiple Myeloma (2000) Dr. Grad investigated the ability of vitamin C to deplete glutathionine and act as a chemosensitizing agent in multiple myeloma, using both in vitro and in vivo tests to explore the sensitivity of multiple myeloma to antineoplastic agents. Florida Florida Jennifer McCafferty-Cepero, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph gluthionine, myeloma Cranberries
A Pilot Study of Silymarin During Maintenance Therapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Abnormal Liver Function Tests (2001) Dr. Kelly did a controlled trial with silymarin, the active ingredient of milk thistle, to determine whether it decreases liver toxicity in children receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. New York New York Kara Kelly, MD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph silymarin, milk thistle, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
A Novel Strategy Using Dietary Sphingolipids for the Prevention and Treatment of Ovarian Cancer (2004) This study investigated whether feeding sphingomyelin, a naturally occurring lipid, to mice implanted with ovarian cancer cells infuences the growth of the cells. Virginia Virginia Eva M Schmelz, PhD Ovary sphingomyelin, lipids
A Novel Retinoid-Responsive Growth Suppressor Gene in Breast Cancer (1998) Dr. Eckert examined the role of TIG3, a recently identified tumor suppressor gene, in inhibition of breast cancer growth by retinoids and the factors that mediate expression of this gene. Ohio Ohio Richard L Eckert, PhD Breast TIG3, retinoids
A Mouse Model to Understand Connections Between Dietary Folate Deficiency and Leukemogenesis (2005) This study investigated several animal models to determine whether there is a connection between folate defciency and development of leukemia. Colorado Colorado James DeGregori, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph leukemia, folate deficiency Legumes (Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils)
A Culturally Specific Dietary Plan to Manage Weight Gain Among African American Breast Cancer Survivors (2006) This was a two-year study designed to assess the feasibility of adopting and maintaining a low fat dietary plan in low-income African-American women who are breast cancer survivors. The study was multi-institutional and recruited subjects from four hospitals. The investigators assessed numerous surveys and behavioural scales in addition to biomarkers and dietary intake throughout the study. Maryland Maryland Renee Royak-Schaler, PhD Breast low-fat diet, African Americans, cancer survivorship, biomarkers
A Comparative Study of Adenoma in Brazil, Japan and Hawaii (2006) This study examined diet and colorectal adenoma incidence in groups of Japanese living in Brazil, Hawaii and Tokyo. Hawaii Hawaii Loic Le Marchand, MD, PhD Colon/Rectum adenoma, diet, genetic susceptibility, Japanese migrants, Brazil
A Clinical Trial of Vitamin D Treatment of Prostate Cancer (1997) Dr. Feldman performed a clinical trial of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (calcitriol) in treatment of prostatic cancer. California California David Feldman, MD Prostate calcitriol, clinical trial
A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer in Three Geographic Areas of Mexico (1996) Dr. Lopez-Carillo completed her hospital case control study of a possible relationship between high consumption of hot chili peppers and gastric cancer by analyzing the serum specimens obtained during the previous grant period for H. pylori and analyzing the collected data. Mexico Mexico Lizbeth Lopez-Carrillo, DrPH Stomach chili peppers, capsaicin, Helicobacter pylori, gastric infection, Mexico
A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer in Three Geographic Areas of Mexico (1993) People in Mexico who eat hot chili peppers have five times higher rates of gastric cancer than non-chili eating people. Capsaicin, the ingredient that makes peppers taste hot, is thought to be the culprit. Moreover, the gastric infection, by Helicobacter pylori, is also thought to play a role in gastric cancer. Dr. Lopez-Carrillo studied this issue using a food questionnaire and blood samples from volunteers in various regions of Mexico. Resolution of this question could result in possibly recommending eliminating hot chili peppers from the Mexican diet and potentially decreasing gastric cancer incidence by nearly 70%. Mexico Mexico Lizbeth Lopez-Carrillo, DrPH Stomach chili peppers, capsaicin, Helicobacter pylori, gastric infection, Mexico
A Case-Control Study of Diet and Acetyltransferase in Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (1999) Dr. Chiu investigated meat preparation and level of consumption in relation to the status of certain enzymes and incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people from eastern Nebraska. Nebraska Nebraska Brian C Chiu, PhD Blood/Bone Marrow/Lymph meat preparation, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Diet and Exercise Targeting Weight Loss in Public Hospital Breast Cancer Patients (2002) Dr. Chlebowski�s sought to determine whether a low-fat diet combined with an exercise program can reduce weight and increase insulin sensitivity in post-menopausal breast cancer patients, thus reducing the likelihood of cancer recurrence. California California Rowan T Chlebowski, MD, PhD Breast physical activity, low-fat diet, insulin
Questions: Ask Our Staff

Talk to us!

Our planned giving staff is
here to help you!

Richard Ensminger

Richard K. Ensminger

Director of Planned Giving

Ann Wrenshall Worley

Ann Wrenshall Worley

Assistant Director of Planned Giving

Call Us: (800) 843-8114

Send us a note